Downward migration of seismic activity prior to some great shallow earthquakes in Japanese subduction zones—a possible intermediateterm precursor

Before the 1944 Tonankai earthquake along the Nankai Trough, seismic activity increased in the shallow depths, and then the activity gradually migrated downwards. When it reached its limit (a depth of approximatelty 70 km), the main shock occurred. Several deep earthquakes, including one ofM5.3, occurred several months prior to the Tonankai earthquake. A similar downward migration pattern also can be recognized regarding the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake. In this case the deepest earthquakes reached about 400 km. This may be one of the intermediate-term precursory phenomena of great thrusttype earthquakes in subduction zones. Recent observations in the Tokai district along the Suruga Trough, where a large earthquake is expected to occur in the future, suggest a similar downward migration pattern in the land area.     

海底缓坡场地地震侧移数值分析方法

地震动使海底倾斜土层软化、液化并产生永久变形和位移。基于有限元理论,提出一种海底缓坡场地地震引起水平侧移的数值计算方法,将波浪荷载简化为恒定压力荷载和初始孔压,采用二维有效应力动力有限元分析方法进行液化分析,同时由模量软化理论得到土层在地震动各时段的模量,通过非线性静力方法计算软化、液化引起的水平侧移。由算例分析了土层坡度、液化层及上覆非液化层厚度、波浪荷载等因素对侧移的影响,通过对比分析表明了该方法的有效性,可为近海工程场地地震地质灾害评价提供参考数据。     

两种震级标度讨论

分析论述了我国在测报近震震级和面波震级业务中存在的种种问题，用现行起算函数测算的ML随震中距存在系统偏差，近场偏低，远场偏高；此函数系统建立的方法有不合理之处，它不适于DD-1仪。用现行公式测算的MS与国际上震级水平不一致，总体趋势偏高；在90(距离上震级零点严重失控；用单一水平向记录计算MS是个原则性差误。需要用新的起算函数系统代替R1(()计算ML; 需要用新的公式取代现行公式计算MS。     

首都圈断层活动性研究

本文分析了首都圈47处监测断层活动性的大地形变测点资料,给出了各处断层现今活动情况及速率。研究认为,首都圈现今应力场受华北区域应力场的支配,活动剧烈的断层主要有:沿河城—南口山前断层、八宝山—黄庄—高丽营断层、南口—孙河断层;1987年之后断层活动平均速率上升到0.40mm/年,应力场处于加强过程;应力集中地段在黄庄—高丽营断层北端、沿河城—南口山前断层北端,狼山断层、怀来—涿鹿北缘断层近年活动剧烈,其北端也是应力加强地区;构造运动的活跃与地震活动同步,目前构造运动继续处于活跃状态。上述应力集中地段的地震危险性应予以重视。     

跨越断层埋地管线地震反应研究述评

本文论述了跨越断层埋地管线地震反应研究工作概况,包括理论研究和实验研究的进展,并介绍了不同情况下采用的研究方法和建立的相应的研究模型,通过对数据结果进行整理分析,得出跨越断层埋地管线地震反应规律。同时,本文还对埋地管线研究中的一些重要参数对研究结果的影响作了详尽的阐述,提出了需进一步研究的问题和今后可能的研究发展方向。     

强震作用下陡倾顺层岩质边坡失稳机制研究

安县茶坪乡冷浸沟陡倾顺层岩质边坡在\     

新疆乌苏5.1级地震前波速比异常震例研究

利用天山中段数字化地震波资料,采用多台和达法,计算2006年11月23日新疆乌苏5.1级地震前后波速比的变化情况,得到如下结果:(1)在空间分布上,乌苏5.1级地震前,波速比形成一个近似椭圆形低值异常区,且椭圆长半轴约为70 km,短半轴约为55 km,椭圆走向NW,地震就发生在该椭圆区域的西北部边缘;(2)在时间进程...     

2005年1月18日乳山ML4.3地震序列

对2005年1月18日乳山ML4.3地震序列特征及烈度分布进行了介绍, 认为乳山ML4.3地震序列是一次能量衰减较快、频度起伏衰减的主-余型地震序列, 序列本身不具有明显的前兆意义.     

A new approach of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design: The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions

This paper presents a new way of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design and analysis of structures based on a comprehensive method for estimating the damage potential of ground motions, which takes into consideration of various ground motion parameters and structural seismic damage criteria in terms of strength, deformation, hysteretic energy and dual damage of Park & Ang damage index. The proposed comprehensive method fully involves the effects of the intensity, frequency content and duration of ground motions and the dynamic characteristics of structures. Then, the concept of the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion is introduced. Based on the concept, the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions for rock, stiff soil, medium soil and soft soil site conditions are selected in terms of three typical period ranges of structures. The selected real strong motion records are suitable for seismic analysis of important structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake, as they can cause the greatest damage to structures and thereby result in the highest damage potential from an extended real ground motion database for a given site. In addition, this paper also presents the real input design ground motions with medium damage potential, which can be used for the seismic analysis of structures located at the area with low and moderate seismicity. The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions are verified by analysing the seismic response of structures. It is concluded that the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion approach can select the real ground motions that can result in the highest damage potential for a given structure and site condition, and the real ground motions can be mainly used for structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Causes of rockfalls in Al-Huwayshah area,Yemen

According to topography of Yemen,most areas and villages are located at obligated crest,toe of mountain and under cliffs.Therefore Al-Huwayshah consisting of Tawilah sandstone group is characterized by steep slope reach to 90° in some areas.This area is affected by strong tectonic movements and faults that occurred during the geological epochs.This effect enhances to find out fractures and joints as well as the rocks become brittle and ready to slide depending on the position of area.And there are some frac...