赣南路迳似金伯利岩(金伯利质煌斑岩)锆石的特点和年龄及其构造意义

南岭以花岗岩广泛分布闻名于世,但也存在基性超基性侵入岩。位于赣南安远蔡坊镇的路迳似金伯利岩(金伯利质煌斑岩)就是其中之一。本研究在野外调研的基础上,利用高灵敏高分辨离子探针(SHRIMP)锆石定年技术对其成岩时代进行了研究,获得其U-Pb年龄为132.0 Ma(变化于128.7～135.4 Ma)。同时还发现了早期锆石捕获晶,其年龄为1945 Ma,意味着赣南地区存在古元古代的基底。这一结果一方面弥补了原先根据K-Ar法和Rb-Sr法将似金伯利岩定为新生代的不足,为探讨赣南地区大地构造演化历史提供了准确资料;同时也表明燕山晚期的构造体制转换与壳幔相互作用是有关的,似金伯利岩岩浆可能起源于富集地幔。     

末次冰期东亚季风快速波动的模式与成因

通过对位于东亚季风区中东部与西部边缘的两个高分辨率黄土剖面记录的对比研究，发现它们不仅捕捉到了20个Dansgaard Oeschger事件与6个Heinrich事件，而且黄土记录与GRIP冰芯记录的这些快速气候波动基本上是同步的。暗示在整个末次冰期，东亚季风气候同样存在千年—百年尺度上的快速波动。所不同的是，西面的沙沟剖面对这些快速气候波动的反应比东面的王官剖面敏感。结合末次冰期中国黄土记录的先前研究结果，我们发现，自西向东Dansgaard Oeschger旋回的幅度逐渐变小，推测这主要是由西风与东亚夏季风共同作用所造成的。     

Early Uplift History of the Tibetan Plateau:Records from Paleocurrents and Paleodrainage in the Hoh Xil Basin

Paleocurrent indicator data collected in field work were used to study the early Cenozoic regional paleodrainage patterns in the Hob Xil basin in northern Tibetan plateau. The paleocurrent directions of the Eocene Fenghuoshan Group obviously show that the flows were northward with a unidirectional dispersal pattern. This probably reflects the uplift of the Qiangtang terrain during the initial basin deposition period and indicates that the Tanggula Moutains occurred as topographic highlands at least in the Eocene. Paleoflows of the Oligocene Yaxicuo Group were dominantly oriented to the north and then flowed eastwards during its late deposition. This regional variability of paleodrainage patterns of the Yaxicuo Group is interpreted to record the dispersal style of sediments from transverse rivers to longitudinal river systems. It is inferred that the Oligocene uplift of the Kunlun Mountains obstructed by northward paleoflows and created longitudinal river systems parallel to the orogenic belts. The temporal and spatial changes of the paleodrainage patterns suggest that the northern boundary of the Tibetan plateau during the early Cenozoic was situated in the Hoh Xil area and its uplift has progressed northwards through time.     

Mapping of moraine dammed glacial lakes and assessment of their areal changes in the central and eastern Himalayas using satellite data

The relatively rapid recession of glaciers in the Himalayas and formation of moraine dammed glacial lakes(MDGLs) in the recent past have increased the risk of glacier lake outburst floods(GLOF) in the countries of Nepal and Bhutan and in the mountainous territory of Sikkim in India. As a product of climate change and global warming, such a risk has not only raised the level of threats to the habitation and infrastructure of the region, but has also contributed to the worsening of the balance of the unique ecosystem that exists in this domain that sustains several of the highest mountain peaks of the world. This study attempts to present an up to date mapping of the MDGLs in the central and eastern Himalayan regions using remote sensing data, with an objective to analyse their surface area variations with time from 1990 through 2015, disaggregated over six episodes. The study also includes the evaluation for susceptibility of MDGLs to GLOF with the least criteria decision analysis(LCDA). Forty two major MDGLs, each having a lake surface area greater than 0.2 km2, that were identified in the Himalayan ranges of Nepal, Bhutan, and Sikkim, have been categorized according to their surface area expansion rates in space and time. The lakes have been identified as located within the elevation range of 3800 m and6800 m above mean sea level(a msl). With a total surface area of 37.9 km2, these MDGLs as a whole were observed to have expanded by an astonishing 43.6% in area over the 25 year period of this study. A factor is introduced to numerically sort the lakes in terms of their relative yearly expansion rates, based on their interpretation of their surface area extents from satellite imageries. Verification of predicted GLOF events in the past using this factor with the limited field data as reported in literature indicates that the present analysis may be considered a sufficiently reliable and rapid technique for assessing the potential bursting susceptibility of the MDGLs. The analysis also indicates that, as of now, there are eight MDGLs in the region which appear to be in highly vulnerable states and have high chances in causing potential GLOF events anytime in the recent future.     

Late Quaternary environmental changes on Pacific islands: controversy,certainty and conjecture

The late Quaternary history of the Pacific islands is poorly known. Most details about Pleistocene history come from studies of ocean-floor sediments, although a few insular pollen records extend back into the last glacial stage. There is limited evidence for Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) aridity and a rise in LGM–early Holocene precipitation associated with strengthening of the Southern Oscillation. The middle Holocene warming is best represented by sea-level records, which, from all parts of the Pacific, now show a contemporary maximum ca. 5000–3000 yr BP. Late Holocene cooling and precipitation increase were probably more widespread than available data suggest. The advent of humans into Pacific island environments, mostly during the late Holocene, is critically reviewed. Vegetation change may have, at least in part, been the result of climate change. Many Pacific island grasslands may be climatogenic rather than anthropogenic. Fires may have occurred naturally long before people arrived on Pacific islands. Ideas about early human impacts on Pacific island enviroments need to be critically reviewed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

琼东北八所组ESR年龄及其构造意义

八所组是琼东北晚第四纪一个重要地层单位,同时也是河流Ⅱ级阶地（T2）的主要沉积地层,其形成年代对该区域晚第四纪以来的古环境演化及地壳运动的研究有着重要意义。为了限定其形成时代,文章采取ESR的方法,对广泛分布于琼东北珠溪河及古三江河一带的八所组地层进行了系统的测年。结果表明:该套地层形成于晚更新世中晚期（64.36 ka~18.40 ka BP）;沉积时代对应末次冰期MIS4~MIS2阶段;河流的下切与T2阶地的形成,一定程度上反映了该时期琼东北海平面的频繁波动及地壳的间歇性抬升;此外,分布于现代海岸风沙强烈作用地带的老红砂与八所组属同期异相的风成堆积,应与八所组地层加以区分。      

基于“3S”技术的地质灾害监测预警系统在我国应用现状

中国具有地质构造复杂,地貌类型多样,山区面积比例高等特点。近年来,在全球气候变化背景下,大量重大工程建设、不合理的资源开发和人类活动,导致各类地质灾害频发,严重影响了民生改善和小康社会建设进程,为地质灾害风险管控带来了挑战。开展地质灾害监测预警研究,能够为灾害风险管控、监测预警、防治减灾工作提供重要的科学依据。本文由中国地质灾害监测预警研究入手,着重分析讨论了我国地质灾害发育概况、监测预警既有成果和研究现状。然后从地质灾害监测预警的主要内容、主要技术方法和主要监测预警模型的发展和现状三个方面,讨论了"3S"技术在地质灾害监测预警中的研究现状和实践应用;最后详细讨论了目前基于"3S"技术的地质灾害监测预警平台在三峡库区和国家防灾减灾工作中的应用情况。本文最终结论认为,"3S"技术的地质灾害监测预警系统在各行业防灾减灾工作中的应用已日趋成熟,未来的地质灾害监测预警系统将以"3S"技术为基础,集观测、研究、风险评估、预报预警、预防治理为一体,有机结合各相关学科和大数据、人工智能、互联网+技术,通过对地质灾害的过程进行仿真模拟,分析诱发灾害的因素和发生强度,提高地质灾害预报的时间、地点、发生强...     

池养条件下军曹鱼早期发育阶段的生长和摄食

研究了军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)早期阶段的生长和摄食特性。结果表明:1~29日龄间,全长与日龄之间呈指数函数相关:y=3.6922e0.0995x(R=0.9913);体重与日龄间呈指数函数相关:y=0.0002e0.276x(R=0.9830);体重与全长之间为幂函数相关:y=5×10-6x2.786(R=0.9957);口径与日龄的关系为直线函数关系:y=0.1034x-0.0044(R=0.9939)。鱼苗早期阶段的生长速度存在显著性差异。军曹鱼早期鱼苗在3~6日龄时主要摄食原生动物、单轮幼虫和轮虫;7~12日龄时主要摄食桡足类无节幼体;13日龄以后主要摄食桡足类成体。仔、稚鱼阶段,军曹鱼的摄食活动呈现明显的昼夜节律,其饱满度指数均在12时前后出现最高峰,日摄食率分别为57.36%和14.78%。     

Pregalactic Chemistry

The evolution of the universe from times after the recombination of the first atoms is controlled by chemistry. Chemistry can also help us to learn more about the first structures. In this paper we review the chemistry and atomic physics that are important in the time shortly after recombination, including the formation of the first structures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

河北省廊坊市城市积涝动态预报预警系统研制

结合廊坊城区地形地貌、市政工程、排水设施现状等,应用二维非恒定流基本方程和一维明渠非恒定流方程算法,构建城市积涝模型,结合区域自动站雨量实时监测数据、数值预报和预报员主观精细化降水预报,建立廊坊城市积涝动态预报预警系统,可实时估算、预报城市积水深度、积水时间等,预报并进行了业务试运行。系统以2012年7月21日廊坊市特大暴雨引起的城市积涝过程为例对系统进行了验证,结果表明：预报积水深度与实际积水情况比较接近,预报结果对城市防洪减灾有指导意义。