政和-大埔深(大)断裂带中段地质构造特征及其演化探讨

政和—大埔深(大)断裂带为划分福建省内一级构造单元的断裂带,通过各类资料综合分析,初步认为该断裂带自中晚元古代形成以来,持续活动至今,是一条深(大)断裂带,其活动位置不断迁移,各期的构造特征也不尽相同。该断裂带的活动对其两侧地质构造格局有较大的影响,在控岩、控矿等方面具有明显的表现。     

系统结构模型在矿产勘查中的应用

系统结构模型是一种描述系统要素之间以及系统与环境之间相互关系的模型 ,是概念模型到定量模型的中介 ,特别是对一些难以量化的系统常采用这种模型加以描述。以往矿产勘查系统模型对系统要素结构分析不够深入。文章在系统结构模型介绍的基础上 ,以滇西北地区喜山期富碱斑岩有关Cu Mo Au矿产勘查为例 ,构建了一个适用于本区该类矿产勘查的系统结构模型 ,对模型要素的矿产勘查意义进行了解释     

Discussion on Earthquake Forecasting and Early Warning

Through analysis of natural and social attributes of earthquake forecasting, the relationship between the natural and social attributes of earthquake forecasting （early warning） has been discussed. Regarding the natural attributes of earthquake forecasting, it only attempts to forecast the magnitude, location and occurrence time of future earthquake based on the analysis of observational data and relevant theories and taking into consideration the present understanding of seismogeny and earthquake generation. It need not consider the consequences an earthquake forecast involves, and its purpose is to check out the level of scientific understanding of earthquakes. In respect of the social aspect of earthquake forecasting, people also focus on the consequence that the forecasting involves, in addition to its natural aspect, such as the uncertainty of earthquake prediction itself, the impact of earthquake prediction, and the earthquake resistant capability of structures （buildings）, lifeline works, etc. In a word, it highlights the risk of earthquake forecasting and tries to mitigate the earthquake hazard as much as possible. In this paper, the authors also discuss the scientific and social challenges faced in earthquake prediction and analyze preliminarily the meanings and content of earthquake early warning.     

Estimating the size of an earthquake using short-period seismograms of the first three seconds: A simulated experiment using the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake sequence

Most of the present earthquake early warning systems are based on broadband or strong motion recordings. How-ever, the short-period instruments are still deployed. It is well-known that short-period recordings have saturation problems for large earthquakes when estimating the size of an earthquake. Thus, it is necessary to make clear the magnitude at which saturation starts to occur for the commonly used τc and Pd measurements, respectively. To investigate the possibility of using short-period seismic recordings for earthquake early warning, we conducted a simulated experiment using the strong motion data of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake sequence including its main shock and 31 aftershocks, with magnitude span from 4 to 7.6. The strong motion acceleration recordings were convolved with the instrument response of short-period seismographs in northern China to simulate short-period seismograms. Parameters τc and Pd from the first-three-second seismograms were calculated for the simulated short-period recordings and compared with that obtained by the original strong ground motion recordings. The result showed that to some extent, short-period recordings can be used for threshold earthquake early warning, while the magnitude saturation of Pd estimation can be up to 6.5, better than τc estimation.     

Chemocline instability and isotope variations of the Ediacaran Doushantuo basin in South China

Stable isotope analyses in sections across a shelf to basinal transect of the Ediacaran Doushantuo basin show substantial isotope variabilities. In Songlin section where sediments were deposited in an intrashelf basin, δ 13C values are persistently negative (_3‰ to _5‰, VPDB) through the entire Doushantuo Formation, similar to those obtained from the slope section in Wuhe (_5‰ to _10‰, VPDB). Shallow water sections in Weng'an and Duoding show two broad δ 13C anomalies overprinted with significant meter-scale variations, but none of the curves has similar absolute δ 13C values compared to the Yangtze Gorges areas in South China and other sections globally. Such isotope variations, if partially recording ancient seawater signature, imply spatial and temporal chemocline instability in the Doushantuo basin. In combination with available δ 13C records from other Ediacaran successions globally, the data from the Doushantuo basin are consistent, in first order, with the existence and oxidation of a large dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reservoir in Ediacaran oceans, but imply local environmental controls on Neoproterozoic isotope values and call attentions for using δ 13C anomalies as time lines in stratigraphic correlation.     

新型固化剂ESC在搅拌桩中的应用研究

通过新型岩土固化剂（ESC）搅拌桩体与水泥土搅拌桩体的对比试验以及ESC固化土作用机理的论述,说明了搅拌桩具有较高的侧摩阻力,同时证明了用ESC固化剂替代水泥能使搅拌桩固结土的强度大幅度得到提高,从而解决了搅拌桩因桩体强度低而存在的侧摩阻力难以发挥、单桩承载力低的问题。     

分布式基坑监测信息管理与预警系统的研制

针对基坑监测的信息化、集成化、共享化要求,开发了基于GIS的分布式基坑监测信息管理与预警系统。介绍了系统的结构框架,着重介绍了系统实现的功能。在GIS图形可视化技术基础上,系统地实现了区域内多个基坑地质勘察、设计、施工等资料及测点信息、监测仪器、监测数据、周边建筑物等相关资料的全面采集,并在此基础上实现了信息的存储、处理、分析、查询、预测、预警以及成果输出的自动化。系统采用C/S结构实现信息共享与多人协作,在网络环境下可高效运行,为基坑监测提供了一个功能强大的信息平台。     

罗氏沼虾仔虾及蚤状Ⅺ期幼体对盐度突变的适应试验

本文试验了罗氏沼虾仔虾及Z11期幼体对盐度突变的适应能力。试验结果表明,0．82cm的仔虾由盐度10．8‰放入淡水中及0．98cm的仔虾由淡水直接放放20‰以下盐度水中培育,对虾仔的成活影响不明显;Z11期幼体由盈度17‰直接放入7—17‰盐度水中和由盐度10．8‰放入4—10．8％盐度水中以及淡化后第二天由淡水直接放入17‰盐度水中培育,对幼体的成活率无明显影响,幼体能正常蜕皮变态。     

人工培育条件下鲻鱼早期发育的生理生态研究

研究了在人工条件下,鲻鱼MugilcephalusLinnaeus幼体各部分形态、器官的发育时间、行为、营养和变态特点,划分了发育期。仔鱼在生长过程常因畸形、损伤和消化不良而死亡;生长差异则存在于整个发育期,并且差异随时间延长而增大。同时,对鲻鱼早期发育的生物学特点、疾病、变态危险期和生长差异等进行了讨论,指出鲻鱼与环境和饲育条件之间的生态生理关系,以及这种关系对鲻鱼生长和存活的影响。     

罗氏沼虾幼体个眼外形及生长动态

罗氏沼虾Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉ各期氵蚤状幼体复眼的个眼面均呈正六边形,个眼透镜面为圆形,其表面光滑。个眼的数量在幼体期不恒定。经计算机方程选优,复眼个眼面直径、矢状面个眼数量和色素细胞层宽度与幼体体长之间呈幂函数关系,而复眼矢状面个眼数量与色素细胞层宽度之间呈直线相关。