Early Jurassic palaeoenvironments in the Surat Basin,Australia – marine incursion into eastern Gondwana

Interpretations of palaeodepositional environments are important for reconstructing Earth history. Only a few maps showing the Jurassic depositional environments in eastern Australia currently exist. Consequently, a detailed understanding of the setting of Australia in Gondwana is lacking. Core, wireline logs, two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic from the Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation in the Surat Basin have been used to construct maps showing the evolution of depositional environments through the Early Jurassic. The results indicate the succession consists of three third-order sequences (Sequence 1 to Sequence 3) that were controlled by eustatic sea level. The lowstand systems tract in Sequence 1 comprises braidplain deposits, confined to a fairway that parallels the basin centre. The strata were initially deposited in two sub-basins, with rivers flowing in different orientations in each sub-basin. The transgressive systems tract of Sequence 1 to lowstand systems tract of Sequence 3 is dominated by fluvio–deltaic systems infilling a single merged basin centre. Finally, the transgressive and highstand systems tracts of Sequence 3 show nearshore environments depositing sediment into a shallow marine basin. In the youngest part of this interval, ironstone shoals are the most conspicuous facies, the thickness and number of which increase towards the north and east. This study interprets a corridor to the open ocean through the Clarence–Moreton Basin, or the Carpentaria and Papuan basins, evidence of which has been eroded. These results challenge a commonly held view that eastern Australia was not influenced by eustasy, and propose a more dynamic palaeogeographic setting comprising a mixture of fluvial, deltaic and shallow marine sedimentary environments. This work can be used to unravel the stratigraphic relationships between Mesozoic eastern Australian basins, or in other basins globally as an analogue for understanding the complex interplay of paralic depositional systems in data poor areas.     

福建政和县东际金（银）矿床黄铁矿微量元素和硫-铅同位素及锆石年龄研究

东际金(银)矿床赋存于燕山晚期南园组火山岩中,是东南沿海地区一个隐爆角砾岩型贵金属矿床,已探明金资源量达12.5 t,银资源量135.9 t。通过开展主要金属硫化物黄铁矿电子探针和硫-铅同位素分析,讨论了成矿作用和成矿物质来源等问题。研究表明,东际金(银)矿床黄铁矿Co/Ni值3～94(平均值23)且Co含量为500×10-6～1070×10-6(均值799×10-6),Fe/(S+As)值0.827～0.871(均值0.860),Au/Ag值0.9～5.5(均值2.6),反映该矿床是与陆相火山作用有关的浅成中低温热液型矿床。黄铁矿δ34S在-6.6‰～-0.7‰,206Pb/204Pb为17.9801～18.4303,207Pb/204Pb为15.2689～15.9397,208Pb/204Pb为37.9052～38.7871,指示成矿物质主要来源于具有壳幔混源性质的花岗质岩浆,此外含矿热液也活化萃取了部分基底变质岩和火山岩围岩的金属元素。通过锆石U-Pb年代学研究和区域成矿资料对比,东际金(银)矿床成矿时代可被限定于早白垩世晚期。     

Rhuddanian to Aeronian (Llandovery,early Silurian) carbon isotope stratigraphy throughout carbonate sequences in the upper Yangtze region,South China block

The Xiangshuyuan Formation (middle Rhuddanian to middle Aeronian stages of the Llandovery Series, lower Silurian) records a shelly fauna representing recovery after the end-Ordovician mass extinction in a well-oxygenated shallow carbonate platform of the Upper Yangtze region, South China Block. Carbon isotope stratigraphy is documented from limestone sequences of the formation at the Qiankou section, northeast Guizhou. The early Aeronian carbon isotope excursion (EACIE, with an amplitude of about 2 ‰ and peak value of 2.44 ‰) is identified in the middle and upper parts of the formation (Ozarkodina obesa conodont Biozone). The EACIE recorded herein correlates well with those in Baltica, Canada, and the United States; together with its records from organic material (δ¹³C_org) the data verify that the EACIE is a global event. The beginning of the EACIE can be used as a chemostratigraphic marker defining the Rhuddanian/Aeronian boundary in strata that lack high-resolution biostratigraphic constraints.     

UBV photometry of the WR binary CQ Cephei

Photoelectric observations of the WR binary CQ Cephei (WN6+O9) are presented. the depths of the eclipses in the light curves are best represented by an inclination of the orbit i = (68°.8±0.6) and the width of the very asymmetric eclipse curves can be represented by only an overcontact configuration (Ω₁ = Ω₂ = 3.65 ± 0.05, and f = 27%). Simultaneous solution of the light and radial velocity curves strongly supports CQ Cep's membership of the Cep OB1 association. By considering this membership we obtained absolute dimensions of the system, which lead to a consistent physical model for CQ Cephei. The more luminous WR primary turns out to be the hotter but slightly less massive component: M_WR = 20.8 M⊙, R_WR = 8.2R⊙, T_eff(WR) = 43600 K, and M_o = 21.4 M⊙, R_o = 8.3 R⊙, T_eff(O) = 37000 K.     

一种实时场地校正方法及其在地震预警中的应用

地震预警系统对地震数据处理的实时性要求极高。其系统数据来源除布设在基岩的测震台站外,还有大量非基岩场地的强震动台站和地震烈度仪台站,其场地影响不容忽视。为了考虑震级估算和地震动场预测中的场地影响,需实时对各种场地条件下的地震波形进行校正。目前处理一般使用某个标量来表征场地放大效应。本文采用一种实时的场地校正方法,首先计算目标场地与参考场地的谱比,然后通过最小二乘法、双线性变换将谱比转化为因果递归的无限冲激响应(IIR)时域滤波器,之后可以应用该滤波器进行实时场地校正。该方法考虑了场地放大系数的频率依赖性,相比于标量校正提高了准确度。应用我国四川和日本部分强震动台站记录,验证并讨论了这种实时场地校正方法在地震预警中的应用效果。     

尼罗河三角洲早—中全新世气候—环境变化对早期农业发展的影响

对尼罗河三角洲平原东北部一个古埃及文化遗址(Kom El-Khilgan)1.5 m长的沉积物剖面KH1开展14C测年、沉积物粒度和孢粉分析.根据岩性、粒度和测年等结果综合判定:剖面150~100 cm地层为早全新世河流相沉积;100~27 cm地层为早、中全新世(8000—4000 cal a BP)三角洲冲积平原沉积,其中涵盖了古埃及前王朝至古王国时期(6500—4131cal a BP)的人类活动信息;27~0 cm为现代表土层.孢粉分析结果反映了在距今8000~4000 a期间:1)研究区气候由湿润过渡为温和,最后趋于干旱;2)随着气候变干,尼罗河上游水文变化对三角洲环境影响减小,研究区由沼泽湿地逐渐过渡为干草甸环境,更多的土地可以被人类利用;3)常被用来指示农业活动的35μm禾本科、陶器碎片和炭屑的出现并逐渐增加,表明该遗址附近的人类农业活动始于距今6500 a左右,并持续至距今4000 a前后.上述证据表明尼罗河三角洲全新世早—中期湿润向干旱过渡的气候驱动了人类农业活动的开展.本研究为进一步探讨尼罗河三角洲古文明对环境适应性研究提供了科学依据.     

用振幅变化长短时均值比实现地震预警中P波自动拾取

地震P波到时快速、精确的自动拾取是实现地震预警的第一步。目前所有P波到时自动拾取方法都需要进一步考虑准确度问题,据此提出用"振幅变化"长短时均值比方法拾取P波到时。研究表明引进"振幅变化"作为特征函数比Allen的"振幅变化平方"更能突显地震波初至时刻的"突变"特征。对"振幅变化长短时均值比方法"和Allen的"振幅变化平方长短时均值比方法"进行抗噪音分析表明,在较低信噪比条件下,Allen方法不能准确地拾取P波到时,而新方法依然能较准确地拾取P波到时。在较高信噪比条件下,用两种方法拾取的160个M_S4.0地震P波到时,其误差大都在允许范围内,但新方法拾取的准确度略高。新方法可以看做是对长短时均值比方法的拓展。     

新型雷电预警系统在地震台站的应用

福建地区的雷电活动频繁,地震台站的数据完整性和数据质量因雷电灾害严重降低。为确保台站仪器稳定运行及数据有效可靠,福建局实施多个措施对地震台站内、外部防雷进行整体改造。新型雷电预警系统设定多级报警阀值,并实时监视台站20km范围内大气电场强度,当系统监测值超阀值时,则发出预警并自动切换电源,为前兆仪器设备的防雷发挥着至关重要作用,也为取代人工断电模式提供安全保证,有利于地震台站稳定运行。     

三峡水库和长江中下游通江湖泊(洞庭湖和鄱阳湖)草鱼、鲢的孵化日期及早期生长特征

三峡水库以及上游江段形成的河—库生态系统与长江中下游洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的江湖生态系统都是四大家鱼的重要栖息地,有相似性也有差异.2017年7—8月在三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖利用地笼、虾笼、高网和迷魂阵采集草鱼和鲢幼鱼样本,观测耳石日轮,分析三峡水库和通江湖泊草鱼和鲢幼鱼的繁殖时间和早期生长特征及差异,探讨相应的保护措施.结果显示,三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖采集草鱼幼鱼的孵化日期分别为4月24日—5月25日、5月21日—6月26日和5月4日—5月28日;鲢幼鱼的孵化日期分别为4月10日—6月12日、5月25日—6月19日和5月9日—6月12日.三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖草鱼样本的体长增长率分别为1.04、1.84和1.64 mm/d,微耳石的沉积率分别为3.41、5.41和4.77μm/d;鲢幼鱼的体长增长率分别为1.10、2.87和1.96 mm/d,微耳石沉积率分别为2.96、7.17和4.57μm/d.洞庭湖草鱼和鲢的体长增长率和耳石沉积率均显著大于三峡水库;鄱阳湖鲢的体长增长率和耳石沉积率均显著大于三峡水库,而草鱼的体长增长率和耳石沉积率则与三峡水库没有显著差异.结果表明,三峡水库蓄水后长江中游干流草鱼和鲢的繁殖时间明显滞后;洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的草鱼和鲢幼鱼生长更快.目前,长江全面禁渔正在逐步实施,预期将对恢复鱼类资源起到重要的作用.除了全面禁渔之外,还建议保护和修复鱼类栖息地;减少江湖阻隔,灌江纳苗;增殖放流亲鱼;开展生态调度,促进鱼类繁殖.     

Palaeoclimate indicators (clay minerals,calcareous nannofossils,stable isotopes) compared from two successions in the late Jurassic of the Volga Basin (SE Russia)

A study of clay mineral and calcareous nannofossil abundances in late Jurassic–early Cretaceous sediments from the Volga Basin, SE Russia, is presented. From these results, we are able to compare some general patterns of mineralogical and palaeontological change for the Volga Basin to the palaeoclimate models developed for northern Europe and beyond. The two successions examined comprise calcareous mudstones with black organic‐rich shale horizons, overlain by a series of phosphatic silty sands. Clay mineralogical results show a progressive decrease in kaolinite and the concomitant increase of smectite and illite through the middle Volgian, followed by an abrupt increase in kaolinite in the late Volgian. The clay mineral evidence suggests increasing aridity at the end of the Jurassic, similar, in part, to many western European successions. Because of differential settling of clay minerals, superimposed upon this possible climatic signature is likely to be the effect of relative sea‐level change. Calcareous nannofossil analysis from a single section reveals a shift through the middle Volgian from low nutrient, warm water assemblages dominated by Watznaueria to cooler surface water and high nutrient assemblages dominated by Biscutum constans. These observations suggest that increased aridity is also associated with climatic cooling. Black shales are associated with increased productivity, higher sea levels and increases in smectite content. Hence, periods of low (chemical) hinterland weathering during semi‐arid conditions are paradoxically associated with relatively nutrient‐rich waters, and organic‐rich shales. Comparison of published carbon and oxygen stable isotope results from this and other sections to the clay mineral and nannofossil data confirms the palaeoclimatic interpretation. This study significantly improves the published biostratigraphically constrained clay mineral database for this time period, because other European and North American successions are either non‐marine (and thus poorly dated), absent (through penecontemporaneous erosion) or condensed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.