Space-Time Geometry of Quark and Strange Quark Matter

We study quarkand strangequarkmatter in the contextof generalrelativity.For this purpose,we solve Einstein's field equations for quark and strange quark matter in spherical symmetric space-times. We analyze strange quark matter for the different equations of state (EOS) in the spherical symmetric space-times,thus we are able to obtain the space-time geometries of quark and strange quark matter. Also,we discuss the features of the obtained solutions. The obtained solutions are consistent with the results of Brookhaven Laboratory,i.e. the quark-gluon plasma has a vanishing shear (i.e. quark-gluon plasma is perfect).     

Late Jurassic Volcanism Deduced from Geochemical,Geochronological, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition Characteristics of the Nanyuan Formation,South China

The Nanyuan Formation contains information related to the Mesozoic tectonic transformation. In this study, three representative profiles were surveyed from the Nanyuan Formation, and multiple analyses were conducted. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded their ages as approximately 158–146 Ma. The volcanic rocks are enriched in Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, implying their affinity for I-type granites. The ε_Nd(t) values(-8.3 to-6.0),(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_...     

Petroleum in the Jurassic Reservoirs within the Eastern Fukang Sub-depression, Junggar Basin, NW China: Correlation and Source Rock

The origin and source of the petroleum in the Jurassic reservoirs within the eastern Fukang sub-depression were geochemically investigated. They show thermal maturities matching the peak generation stage, while the condensates are at the early stage of intense cracking. Oils and condensates may have experienced mild evaporative fractionation, while mixing of severely biodegraded with non-biodegraded oils has occurred. Using biomarkers and isotopes, petroleums were classified into Group I, II and III genetic groups, with Group III further divided into IIIa and IIIb subgroups. Group I petroleum displays heavy carbon isotopes, a strong predominance of pristine over phytane, high C19 and C20 tricyclic and C24 tetracyclic terpanes, low gammacerane, and dominant C29 steranes, while Group II shows light carbon isotopes, a predominance of phytane over pristine, high C21 and C23 tricyclic with low C24 tetracyclic terpanes, high gammacerane and dominant C27 steranes. Group IIIa petroleum shows mixing compositions of Group I and II, while Group IIIb displays similar compositions to Group I, but with significantly higher Ts, C29Ts and C30 diahopane proportions. Oil-source rock correlation suggests Group I and II petroleums originate from Jurassic and Permian source rocks, respectively, while Group IIIa are mixtures sourced from these rocks and IIIb are mixtures from Jurassic and Triassic source rocks.     

Geochronology,Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting of the Late Jurassic I-type Granites in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt,Central China

The North Qinling Orogenic Belt(NQOB) is a composite orogenic belt in central China. It started evolving during the Meso–Neoproterozoic period and underwent multiple stages of plate subduction and collision before entering intra-continental orogeny in the Late Triassic. The Meso–Cenozoic intra-continental orogeny and tectonic evolution had different responses in various terranes of the belt, with the tectonic evolution of the middle part of the belt being particularly controversial. The granites...     

浅水三角洲物源、砂体构型与储层特征研究——以准噶尔盆地永进—莫西庄地区侏罗系三工河组二段为例

针对准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组物源、砂体构型及储层物性认识存在争议的问题,笔者等基于岩芯、录井、钻井等方面的资料,结合前人在准噶尔盆地周缘磷灰石及锆石年龄数据,运用沉积学、层序地层学、沉积盆地分析及储层沉积学的基本原理和方法对三工河组二段物源方向、远近和类型、沉积体系展布、砂体构型及储层物性之间的关系进行了系统的研究。研究表明,在敞流盆地快速抬升/缓慢沉降的构造背景下形成辫状河三角洲退积式沉积序列,在五级层序地层格架中,河道强冲刷叠置砂体见于第1、2砂组,三角洲退积,分支河道强烈冲刷,导致河道砂体叠置,微相类型单一,单砂体厚度向上变薄,砂体全区稳定分布,储集性较好。河道弱冲刷叠置砂体见于第3、5砂组,三角洲退积,分支河道冲刷不明显,形成河道“二元结构”,单砂体厚度向上变薄,粒度变细,储集性好;河口坝组合砂体见于第4砂组,在三角洲退积过程中,水下分流河道末端形成河口坝,总体岩性向上变细,砂体不连续,储集性好,远砂坝席状砂组合砂体见于第6、7砂组,砂体零星分布,储集性很差。在浅水、低可容纳空间、快速抬升/缓慢幕式沉降构造背景之下,浅水三角洲的物源的方向、远近及类型是影响沉积微相展布的关键因素,也是影响砂体构型及其储层物性的物质基础。     

锆石Ce 氧逸度计和早期地球的氧化还原状态

氧逸度可以用于定量描述一个体系的氧化还原状态,是地球科学非常重要的一个热力学指标。早期地球的氧逸度及其变化趋势的重建,对大气圈、水圈、生物圈乃至整个地球的起源和演化具有重要的科学意义,也是地球科学长期探索的重要目标。锆石提供了地球上已发现的最古老天然样品,几乎是目前研究早期(冥古宙)地球的唯一可靠对象。近年来的研究发现,锆石中Ce的含量对其母岩浆体系的氧逸度很敏感,并由此发展出了锆石的Ce氧逸度计。这一技术对认识早期地球的氧化还原状态十分关键。文章对锆石Ce氧逸度计进行了简单介绍,进而对早期地壳和地幔的氧化还原状态进行了综合评述。在此基础上,对早期地球几个重要圈层(大气圈、大陆地壳和上地幔)氧逸度的演化及相互间的耦合关系进行了讨论。     

Monocotyledon-like Leaves from the Middle Jurassic of East Siberia (Russia)

Leaf fragments of Herbifolia antiqua A. Frolov et Enushchenko gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) of the Irkutsk Coal Basin (Eastern Siberia, Russia) are reported. The following features are characteristic of H. antiqua gen. et sp. nov.: the presence of leaf sheaths, linear smooth-edged leaves with parallel venation, anastomoses between the veins, anomocytic stomata, rhomb-shaped ordinary epidermal cells. Such a combination of characters is widespread in modern monocotyledonous plants and is absent in fossil and modern cryptogam and gymnosperms. Due to the lack of evidence of an enclosed ovule in H. antiqua gen. et sp. nov.we attribute it to a typological angiosperm, based on its unique leaf structure characteristic of monocotyledons. The leaf epidermal structure of Herbifolia gen. nov. is most similar to those of modern Asparagales and Liliales.     

Multiproxy Paleosol Evidence for Jurassic Paleoclimate Fluctuations in the Sichuan Basin, SW China

Paleoclimate reconstruction of continental environments has been hampered by the limited evidence. A thick sequence of Jurassic continental deposits in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China yields abundant paleosols that may offer valuable insights regarding Jurassic climate scenarios. A succession of 169 paleosols belonging to Protosols, Calcisols, and Argillisols from 23 detailed stratigraphic sections was recognized and characterized macro- and micromorphologically and assessed for mineral and geochemical compositions. Quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions using bulk geochemical proxies, the depth to and the stable oxygen isotopic composition of paleosol carbonates indicated a predominant alternation of semiarid and arid cool/warm-temperate climatic conditions punctuated by several episodes of subhumid and humid climates that generally prevailed in the Sichuan Basin during the Jurassic. The estimated paleoatmospheric CO2 concentrations (pCO2) from calcic paleosols yielded a low range of ~104 ± 58 to ~610 ± 152 ppmv during the Middle Jurassic. The terrestrial paleotemperature changes in the Sichuan Basin coincided with the pCO2 variations, which probably resulted from global geological events (e.g., volcanic activities, magmatic and oceanic events, and the ephemeral caps development) in the Middle Jurassic. Jurassic climatic fluctuations in the basin were likely attributed to true polar wander due to global plate motion, megamonsoon effect linked to global and regional paleogeography, and regional paleotopography.     

Tooth Plates of Ceratodus (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from the Upper Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Guang’an, Sichuan Province, China

Ceratodus is a form genus of ceratodontid lungfishes. Until now, only 14 specimens have been reported from the Mesozoic of China. Detailed measurements and characteristic comparisons based on 15 well-preserved lungfish tooth plates of Ceratodus type, uncovered from the upper member of the Upper Jurassic Shaximiao Formation at Luojiashan, Qianfeng District, Guang''an, Sichuan Province in 2019, allow us to establish a new species, Ceratodus guanganensis sp. nov., on the basis of its small swollen irregular triangular tooth plate with four low and swollen radial crests on the occlusal surface without denticles. Other specimens from the same locality can be referred to C. szechuanensis and C. youngi. This is the first discovery of Ceratodus in the Guang''an region and represents the fifth Ceratodus fossil site in the Sichuan Basin. The discovery indicates that the climate was hot and arid in the Sichuan Basin during the Late Jurassic, and reveals a tectonic paleogeographic relationship between the Yangtze block in southwestern China and the Kola Basin in northern Thailand.     

基于InSAR技术的川西高山峡谷区地质灾害早期识别研究——以小金川河流域为例

采用短基线集时序干涉测量(small baseline subset InSAR,SBAS-InSAR)技术,利用多时相合成孔径雷达数据,对川西高山峡谷区开展地表多时相、长时序形变监测与地质灾害隐患早期识别研究。介绍了时序InSAR方法原理,梳理了数据处理流程,分析了小金川河流域雷达可视性,利用2018-11—2019-12共26期的Sentinel-1A历史存档数据开展了流域内地表形变监测,结果表明: 流域内雷达视线方向的年平均形变速率为-51.12~75.28 mm/a; 依据形变异常分布规律,共判译出4处形变异常区与11处潜在地质灾害隐患点,其中6处隐患点为已知地质灾害点,其余5处隐患点尚不为人知。以隐患点P1(阿娘寨滑坡)为典型案例,开展了长时序监测分析与验证,评估利用InSAR技术开展地质灾害隐患早期识别的可靠性,证明了SBAS-InSAR技术在地质灾害早期识别中的优势及有效性,其技术成果在川西高山峡谷区具有大范围推广应用的潜力。