商丹断裂带(河南段)构造变形特征及其找矿意义

商丹断裂带是一条多期次活动的大型断裂带,区域上也是大型金属矿的赋存带,对金属矿产具有重要的控制作用.文章以商丹断裂带(河南段)为研究对象,在基于孔沟至寨根一带构造剖面的宏观特征和显微构造特征解析的基础上,对研究区控矿构造和机理提出了新的认识.综合研究表明,商丹断裂带(河南段)具多期活动特征,整体呈现"正花状构造"样式....     

滨海岩溶区过渡带碳酸盐岩溶浊作用的试验研究

滨海岩溶具有内陆一般岩溶区不同的发育机理，其过渡带混合溶蚀作用是控制滨海岩溶发育的最主要因素之一。通过七组不同淡水与海水配比的混合溶蚀实验（封闭CO2－H2O系统），初步得出了过渡带混合溶蚀作用的基本结论：（1）滨海岩溶区过渡带岩溶发育的基本规律与内陆一般岩溶区岩溶发育规律的基本一致，即岩性，结构是控制滨海岩溶发育的最主要因素；（2）滨海岩溶区混合过渡带内碳酸盐岩的混合溶蚀速率大于纯淡水或纯海水中同种岩石的溶蚀速率；（3）在不同的CO2分压条件下，滨海岩溶区混合过渡带内碳酸盐岩的混合溶蚀机理不同。     

海南岛海岸带土地利用强度与生态承载力分析

随着海南省进一步开放发展,海岸带区域的土地利用强度逐渐加强,生态保护需求日益增强。利用4期(1990、2000、2009、2015年)海岸带土地利用分类数据,研究海岸带土地开发利用强度,并分析了其生态承载力。结果表明:①耕地和林地是海南岛海岸带地区的主要土地类型。②25年间,海南岛海岸带土地利用强度整体较高且逐年上升,2000—2009年土地利用强度增速最高,达2.03%;海口市和澄迈县土地利用强度4期均值最大,分别为300.5和286.1。③25年来海南岛海岸带生态状况呈下降趋势,57%的海岸带市县实际生态承载压力增长了1倍以上。     

Pyrite–anhydrite–magnetite–pyroxene-type deposits and coexisting hydrothermal fluids in Mesozoic volcanic basins, Yangtze River Valley, China

Anhydrite–pyrite–magnetite–pyroxene–type deposits occur in the Mesozoic volcanic areas of the Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley in China. These deposits are hosted in alkaline basaltic rocks, and are generally accompanied by melanocratic and leucocratic alteration zones, both of which are characterized by a distinct vertical zonation pattern. Investigation of these zones indicates that the chemical compositions of solid solutions and polymorphs of various minerals vary spatially in the alteration profile, upwards from the lowest level, and outwards from the center.Here we report a case study on the Luohe deposit. In the melanocratic-alteration zone, the composition of magnetite (including trace elements Ti, V, Mg, Mn), pyroxene (Mg, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al₂O₃), plagioclase (An_xAb_{1 − x}), pyrite (Co, Ni) and apatite (F, CeO₂ + Y₂O₃ + La₂O₃) changes with depth. The isotherms of hydrothermal fluids determined from fluid inclusion data, including homogenization temperature and salinity, also vary with depth.Activity diagrams were constructed from mineral and isotherm analysis to estimate the chemical constraints on the alteration-mineral assemblages and the coexisting hydrothermal solutions for the Na₂O–K₂O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–A1₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂SO₄–H₂S–HCI–H₂O system at 350 to 600 °C and 500 bars (50 MPa), assuming that the major alteration mineral assemblages along the profile reflect the nature of the coexisting hydrothermal solutions. The activity diagrams adopted the major minerals as buffers to fix the activities of the aqueous species in the system, simulating the physicochemical conditions of the magnetite–anhydrite–pyroxene equilibrium and of solid solutions of diopside–hedenbergite, grossular–andradite and anorthite–albite found in the profile.This study provides an approach to modeling the chemical constraints of coexisting fluids in ore-alteration zones based on field observations.     

反向VSP透射层析成像法在岩墙松动层检测中的应用

通过实例介绍了反向VSP透射层析成像方法的基本原理、数据采集和资料处理方法。利用该方法在检测岩墙松动层厚度中取得了很好的勘探效果。     

新疆巴楚和塔什库尔干地震台下方地壳结构研究

Using the teleseismic waveform data recorded by the seismic station Bachu( hereafter referred to as station BCH) i n the Tarim Basin and the seismic station Taxkorgan(h ereafter referred to as station TAG) i n the west Kunlun Mountains for years,we applied the receiver function H-κ stacking method to study the crustal structure beneath stations BCH and TAG. The results showed that there are obvious differences in the crustal thickness beneath stations BCH and TAG,and the regional crustal thickness and terrain have a very good corresponding relationship. There are high crustal average V P/ V S values beneath the two stations. The crustal thickness is 44 km,and the crustal average wave velocity ratio is 1. 849 beneath station BCH. There is a sharp discontinuity in the middle of the crust beneath station BCH at a depth of 21 km. There is a low average P wave velocity and low V P/ V S from the surface to the discontinuity beneath station BCH.The depth of the discontinuity is consistent with the lower interface of the focal depth from accurate location in the Jiashi earthquake source area adjacent to station BCH; and may be the crustal brittle-ductile conversion boundary. The crustal thickness is 69 km,and the crustal average wave velocity ratio is 1. 847 beneath station TAG,a thicker crust and high V P/ V S may indicate that materials in the lower crustal are prone to plastic flow,which is responsible for the thickening of the crust.     

桐柏杂岩南北边界剪切带的对比以及对桐柏造山带构造格局的制约

桐柏杂岩的南北边界的剪切带分别是殷店-马垅韧性剪切带和晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带,这两条韧性剪切带内都发育杆状构造,且杆状构造具有层状结构,层与层之间通过一种特殊的滑脱面结合。由于晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带相对于殷店-马垅剪切带位置明显更靠近商丹断裂带,早期商丹断裂带的活动在岩石中留下的变形痕迹导致了后期晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带的变形程度要略强于殷店-马垅剪切带。这两条剪切带都是以简单剪切为主的剪切带,变质条件也相似,都属于角闪岩相变质,处于中-下地壳流变层位置。U-Pb同位素测年结果显示,晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带的活动年龄为171~142Ma,殷店-马垅韧性剪切带的活动年龄为164~137Ma,两条剪切带的主活动期都在中-晚侏罗世,在早白垩世随着岩浆活动的峰期到来慢慢减弱停止。桐柏造山带在印支晚期碰撞挤压背景下的向东挤出不是一个整体的挤出,而是有层次的差异挤出,挤出的同时层与层之间会发生滑动,滑脱面类似滑动的润滑剂,酷似"管状流动"的构造。在晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带和殷店-马垅韧性剪切带的牵引作用下,整个桐柏造山带由西向东发生管状流动。     

SEDIMENT YIELD AND HYDROLOGY IN NORTHWESTERN RANGELANDS

lINTRODUCTIONRangeandforestlandsofnorthwesternNorthAmericahavebeenutilizedforres0urceextracti0nandproductionsinceinitialhuman0ccupationofthecontinent.Intensive"managed"utilizati0nofec0systemsforspecificbenefitsincludingcattle,sheep,t1sh,w00dandagriculturalpr0ductshasbeenong0ingfornearly0ne-and-haIfcenturies.Intensiveresourceproducti0nhasto0oftenbeenacc0mpaniedbyunwanted"sideeffects"includingacceleratederosion,s0illossandsedimentdeliveredoffsitetod0wnstreamlocati0ns,estuariesandoceanicsin…     

某水电站坝基挠曲破碎带工程力学特性试验研究

膝状挠曲破碎带是某水电站坝基的主要工程地质问题。破碎带岩性为完整性较差的碎裂、碎屑软弱砂岩,并呈现孔隙式胶结接触,其工程力学特性对坝基变形和稳定存在巨大影响。基于破碎带砂岩组织结构疏松、含水率较高、物理力学性能较差等特点,首先开展了基本物理特性试验分析,认为岩石微细观结构复杂、渗透特性较好,属小孔隙率砂岩。其次,开展了室内常规和现场力学特性试验研究;最后,在宏观力学参数确定的基础上,探讨了破碎带对工程作用的响应及影响。结果表明,破碎带岩石内部结构破坏严重,矿物成分主要为石英、长石、绢云母等,化学成分以SiO2为主,但化学侵蚀并不显著。常规剪切曲线呈现出明显的4阶段特征,三轴压缩试验破坏机制为塑性剪切破坏,表现出强度低、延性扩容明显、出现屈服平台等特征,且碎裂岩强度略高于碎屑岩;现场试验表明岩体变形均匀,变形模量较低,处于60～630 MPa;地基承载力处于0.8～2.3 MPa。研究成果对该水电站坝基工程有重要的参考价值。     

淮南板集煤矿F512断层导水性分析及地面注浆加固

板集煤矿F512断层落差70m,存在着导通上覆新生界松散层水与下伏太原组岩溶水的威胁,同时,断层带的破碎岩体也将对巷道掘进和支护带来困难。该矿先后施工了3个水文地质钻孔进行抽水和压水试验,根据岩心鉴定成果和岩石RQD值,认为断层带的岩心较为破碎;依据抽水过程中的流量变化、水位降深值和水位恢复值等指标及压水试验中透水率分析,发现该断层的导水性较差,具有弱渗透性。参考相邻矿区的经验,决定对断层破碎岩体采用地面注浆方法进行加固。整个工种注入水泥浆1 600m3,破碎岩体得到了有效加固,巷道掘进顺利通过了F512断层。