空孔直眼掏槽成腔模型理论与实践分析

空孔直眼掏槽是隧道或井巷掘进的主要方法之一。基于典型空孔掏槽炮眼布置,分析了掏槽眼爆破形成空腔的物理力学过程;建立了空腔形成的物理和力学模型;研究了腔内碎石在高压爆生气体作用下的抛射过程;得出了空腔尺寸的理论计算方法。槽腔岩石介质破碎和外端部漏斗形成取决于掏槽眼装药爆炸动作用;碎石的抛出率与炸药性质、岩石性质和爆破参数有关。理论分析与在某矿进行的48次试验结果有较好的吻合性。     

黑龙江东部鸡西盆地构造层序划分与盆地动力学演化

依据钻孔及露头资料,对黑龙江东部鸡西盆地进行了构造层序划分及研究,共划分了1个Ⅰ级、2个Ⅱ级、5个Ⅲ级构造层序,在此基础上讨论了鸡西盆地动力学演化机制,证实鸡西盆地主要由敦密断裂在白垩纪左旋走滑拉分而成。纵向上表现为两个构造演化阶段：早白垩世早中期表现为断陷盆地特点,控制了鸡西群含煤层序的生长和发育;早白垩世晚期-晚白垩世早期表现为坳陷盆地特征,控制了桦山群红层的生长、发育。该盆地的层序划分及动力学分析对黑龙江东部白垩纪地层对比、构造作用及成矿作用的分析提供了重要依据。     

新疆三工河绿洲土地利用变化系统动力学仿真

从小区域(乡域)尺度出发,综合考虑人口、经济、技术、市场等主要人文因素对绿洲土地利用变化的驱动作用,建立系统动力学（SD）模型,并以天山北麓三工河流域为例,用1978—1998年的实际数据验证了模型的适用性和可靠性,在此基础上,模拟和分析了三种发展模式下本区域1998—2050年土地利用变化过程,结果表明：SD方法对于乡域尺度的土地利用变化研究是适宜的;三种模式下土地利用变化规律表现出明显的差异性,人口、经济、技术、市场等因素对本区域土地利用变化具有显著驱动作用。     

The Gyldén‐type problem revisited: More refined analytical solutions

We resume and consistently extend our previous researches concerning the Gyldén‐type problem (a two‐body problem with time‐dependent equivalent gravitational parameter). To approach most of the concrete astronomical situations to be modelled in this way, we consider a periodic small perturbation. For the nonresonant case, we present a second‐order analytical solution. For the resonant case, we adopt the most realistic astronomical situation: only one dominant term of the Hamiltonian. In this case we point out a fundamental model of resonance, common to every resonant situation, and, moreover, identical to the first fundamental model of resonance . Considering the simplest model of periodic change of the equivalent gravitational parameter, we .nd that all possible resonances are con.ned to the first fundamental model. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于物态本构模型的路基动力反应分析

以动力固结理论和瞬态动力学理论为基础,将有效应力物态动本构关系引入到以动力反应与动力固结相耦合、静应力与动应力变化相耦合、孔压的产生、扩散和消散相耦合的动力三维瞬态动力学基本方程组中,形成了饱和土体有效应力物态地震反应分析的完整理论体系。利用有限元法对饱和路基进行了瞬态地震反应分析,较好地反映了土体在震动过程中剪 胀、剪缩的实际性态,比以往引进孔压模型和静-动交替分析计算更为合理。     

The lower mass function of young open clusters: clues to (sub)stellar formation

We report the present day mass functions (PDMFs) of 4 young open clusters over a mass range from 30 Jupiter masses to 3M_ . Three of these clusters have been chosen to have a similar age of ∼100 Myr. Their PDMFs are remarkably similar and are comparable to the field mass function. This suggests little impact of initial conditions (stellar density, metallicity) on the mass distribution and raises some issues concerning the currently debated star and brown dwarf formation theories. The fourth cluster is older (600 Myr) which allow us to investigate the effect of the cluster dynamical evolution on the shape of the mass function. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

软流层静压推力及其板块动力学意义

地幔软流层之上漂浮着地球板块,软流层对板块存在流体静压——软流层静压推力。对海洋板块而言,软流层静压推力在物理意义上与传统的分布力型洋脊推力没有差别。假定板块内部的应力场在水平和竖直方向上互相解耦,可利用二维球壳有限单元模型计算板内应力场的水平分量,并根据重力均衡理论计算其竖直分量,进而计算其差分应力场。
利用软流层静压推力的概念,在研究有关的板块动力学问题时,能够充分利用观测资料中的应力状态信息作为约束条件,简明有效地解释部分海洋与大陆过渡区域及重力非均衡区域的复杂应力场图象。      

构造体制转换与流体多层循环成矿动力学

基于成矿系统动力学研究进展的综合分析, 认为构造体制转换与流体多层循环成矿动力学研究是地球科学跨世纪的重要前沿领域之一, 进而提出这一领域的研究主题和关键问题、研究思路及方法, 阐释其重要意义, 指出构造体制转换与流体多层循环成矿动力学研究以构造演化、流体活动及区域地球化学和地球物理不均一性为基础, 通过变形-流动高温高压实验及计算机数值模拟再现成矿作用过程和机理, 解析构造体制转换与流体多层循环成矿动力学特征, 揭示成矿界面时-空演化规律, 建立成矿系统物质和能量交换-反馈耦合成矿的定量模型.这是深化矿床成因认识的重要基础和实现科学找矿的有效途径, 对地球系统科学和大陆动力学的研究也具有重要意义.      

Total ozone decrease in the Arctic after REP events

Eight periods of relativistic electron precipitation (REP) with electron energies of more than 300 keV are identified from VLF data (10/14 kHz) monitored along the Aldra (Norway) / Apatity (Kola peninsula) radio trace. In these cases, anomalous ionization below 55/50 km occurred without disturbing the higher layers of the ionosphere. The daily total ozone values in Murmansk for six days before and six days after the REP events are compared. In seven of eight events a decrease in the total ozone of about 20 DU is observed. In one event of 25 March, 1986, the mean total ozone value for six days before the REP is bigger han that for six days after, but this a case of an extremely high ozone increase (144 DU during the six days). However, on days 3 and 4 there was a minimum of about 47 DU with regard to REP days, so this case also confirms the concept of the ozone decrease after REP. The difference between mean ozone values for periods six days before and six days after the REPs was found also for 23 points in Arctic on TOMS data. The difference was negative only in Murmansk longitudinal sector. Along the meridian of the trace it was negative at high latitudes in both hemispheres and was near zero at low latitudes.     

Stratosphere-troposphere exchange in an extratropical cyclone, calculated with a Lagrangian method

A Lagrangian technique is developed and applied to calculate stratosphere-troposphere exchange in an extratropical cyclone. This exchange is computed from the potential vorticity or PV along trajectories, calculated from ECMWF circulation data. Special emphasis is put on the statistical significance of the results. The computed field of the cross-tropopause flux is dominated by elongated patterns of statistically significant large downward and small upward fluxes. The downward fluxes mainly occur in the lower part of the considered tropopause folds. The upward fluxes are found near the entrance of the folds, in the tropopause ridges. The ratio between the area averaged downward and upward cross-tropopause fluxes increases with increasing strength of the cyclone. Since the largest fluxes are shown to occur in the regions with the largest wind shear, where PV-mixing is thought to cause large cross-tropopause fluxes, the results are expected to be reliable, at least in a qualitative sense. The position of a tropopause fold along the northwest coast of Africa is confirmed by total ozone observations. The results indicate that the applied Lagrangian technique is an appropriate tool for diagnosing stratosphere-troposphere exchange.