基于IGS超级跟踪站的近实时GPS气象研究及应用

目前国内许多城市开始将CORS综合应用网服务于气象部门,为给地基GPS气象研究人员提供一个真实的研究环境,本文基于IGS超级跟踪站网络搭建了一个近实时GPS气象系统,并结合实测数据验证了该系统的有效性。基于该平台可以系统地研究GPS遥感水汽、层析水汽三维分布、数值天气预报同化GPS水汽以及利用电离层分布进行空间天气预报等理论。     

水平井含水率上升影响因素

利用塔里木油田塔中4油田(TZ4)底水油藏相关的地质、流体数据建立数值模型。在所建模型的基础上,应用数值模拟计算的累积产油、产水和产液量回归俞启泰水驱特征曲线,以反映水平井见水特征的参数b。以参数b为研究对象,采用正交试验的方法研究不同因素对b值的影响,筛选影响水平井见水特征的主要因素,认为原油粘度、油层厚度、非均质性及水平井水平段在油藏中的位置是影响水平井含水上升趋势的主要指标。最后建立主要因素与b值的关系式,结合俞启泰曲线b值图版,提出预测水平井见水规律的公式——图版法(F-b法)。应用F-b法对塔里木水平井含水率进行预测,并与其他相关方法及实际生产数据对比,认为F-b法可作为预测塔里木油田水平井含水率、估算可采储量的一种有效方法。     

低渗透储层水平井—直井联合布井极限注采井距研究

低渗透储层水平井—直井联合布井技术具有广泛的应用前景,其布井方式至关重要。首先利用劈分流场的方法直观地给出常规储层水平井—直井联合布井的产能评价方法;然后针对低渗透储层的渗流特点,在考虑启动压力梯度条件下建立新的井网渗流物理模型并求解得到产能评价公式;最后经分析计算给出启动压力梯度影响的面积井网极限注采井距关系曲线。研究结果为低渗透储层部署水平井—直井联合井网提供理论依据。     

国内外城市雨水径流水质的研究

综合国内外综合资料,对城市不同建筑材料屋面和不同路面的雨水径流水质特征进行了对比分析,阐明了影响城市雨水径流水质的三大因素,并论述了城市雨水收集利用的现实意义。     

Using spectral information from the NIR water absorption features for the retrieval of canopy water content

Canopy water content (CWC) is important for mapping and monitoring the condition of the terrestrial ecosystem. Spectral information related to the water absorption features at 970 nm and 1200 nm offers possibilities for deriving information on CWC. In this study, we compare the use of derivative spectra, spectral indices and continuum removal techniques for these regions. Hyperspectral reflectance data representing a range of canopies were simulated using the combined PROSPECT + SAILH model. Best results in estimating CWC were obtained by using spectral derivatives at the slopes of the 970 nm and 1200 nm water absorption features. Real data from two different test sites were analysed. Spectral information at both test sites was obtained with an ASD FieldSpec spectrometer, whereas at the second site HyMap airborne imaging spectrometer data were also acquired. Best results were obtained for the derivative spectra. In order to avoid the potential influence of atmospheric water vapour absorption bands the derivative of the reflectance on the right slope of the canopy water absorption feature at 970 nm can best be used for estimating CWC.     

Magnetite-Fluorite Rock: A New Rock Type of Hot Water Sedimentation

The new type hot water sedimentary rock - magnetite-fluorite rock occurs as quasi-layers inflat parts of contact zones between rock body and strata in Bamiaushan of Changshan County,Zhejiang Province, China. The main mineral assemblage is fluorite magnetite cassiterite. The rockshows typical laminated structure and obvious mosaic texture. Its formation temperature is between123℃-160℃, averaging at 142℃. The major chemical composition of the rock includes CaF2, SiO2,Al2O3, FeO, and Fe2O3; the high-content microelement association includes W, Sn, Be, Rb, Sr, S, andCl; and the total content of REE is low (∑REE between 35.34x10-6-38.35x10-6), showing LREEenrichment type of distribution pattern. Diagenesis: driven by the tectonic stress, the formation waterheated in the deep strata had moved along the fissures or fractures in strata and had extractedcomponents from the strata on the way, and finally stagnated in the flat parts of contact zones betweenrock body and strata. With drop in temperature, magnetite and fluorite were separated from the hotwater and precipitated alternately, forming this hot water sedimentary rock with new typemineralogical composition, typical laminated structure, obvious mosaic texture and sub-horizontaloccurrence. The characteristics of the new type mineralogical composition, sedimentary tectonicenvironment and chemical composition are different from that of the well-known traditionalhydrothermai sedimentary rocks.     

Formation Dynamics and Quantitative Prediction of Hydrocarbons of the Superpressure System in the Dongying Sag

Based on the theory of formation dynamics of oil/gas pools, the Dongying sag can be divided into three dynamic systems regarding the accumulation of oil and gas： the superpressure closed system, the semi-closed system and the normal pressure open system. Based on the analysis of genesis of superpressure in the superpressure closed system and the rule of hydrocarbon expulsion, it is found that hydrocarbon generation is related to superpressure, which is the main driving factor of hydrocarbon migration. Micro fractures formed by superpressure are the main channels for hydrocarbon migration. There are three dynamic patterns for hydrocarbon expulsion： free water drainage, hydrocarbon accumulation and drainage through micro fissures. In the superpressure closed system, the oil-driving-water process and oil/gas accumulation were completed in lithologic traps by way of such two dynamic patterns as episodic evolution of superpressure systems and episodic pressure release of faults. The oil-bearing capacity of lithologic traps is intimately related to reservoir-forming dynamic force. Quantitative evaluation of dynamic conditions for pool formation can effectively predict the oil-bearing capability of traps.     

Environmental Redox Changes of the Ancient Sea in the Yangtze Area during the Ordo-Silurian Transition

Extensive organic-matter （OM） rich facies （black shales） occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections （Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province） straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon （TOC）, pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe （FED）, pyrite Fe （FeP）, HCl-extractable Fe （FeH）, and total Fe （FeT）, in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe （FeHR = FeD ＋ FeP） and FeT, and the FeP/（FeP ＋ FeH） ratio, known as the degree of pyritization （DOP）. In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45）, high DOP values （0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54）, and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios （0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21）, low DOP values （0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28）, and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value （SIC = 0.36）. The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41）, high DOP values （0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53） and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters     

南海北部深水盆地沉积-构造的差异性及其油气意义

南海北部深水区自西向东依次分布着琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地、台西南盆地等新生代被动陆缘盆地,这些盆地经历了大致相当的从裂陷到坳陷的构造演化史,但在张裂活动过程中存在着明显的沉积-构造的差异性。构造沉降特征分析显示:在同一构造带上自西向东有盆地主要构造沉降发生的时段逐步变晚的趋势;在不同构造带上自北向南有盆地主要构造沉降发生的时段逐步变晚的趋势。这种沉积-构造的差异性对烃源岩的发育类型、分布及生储盖组合等方面有明显的控制作用,表现为:裂谷期构造沉降幅度大的盆地,陆相烃源岩发育,以陆生陆储陆盖型成藏组合为主;裂后期构造沉降幅度大的盆地,海相烃源岩发育规模较大,海生海储海盖型成藏组合及混生海储海盖型生储盖组合所占分量逐渐增多。推测渐新统湖相-湖沼相及海陆过渡相源岩和中新统海相烃源岩应是南海北部深水区油气的主要来源,陆生海储海盖型、海生海储海盖型及混生海储海盖型生储盖组合应是深水区基本生储盖组合类型。     

矿井涌水量混沌时间序列分析与预测

矿井地下水系统是个非线性系统,由于地下水系统的复杂性,很难完全确定影响矿井涌水量的因素,因此传统的矿井涌水预测表现出较大的局限性。而混沌时间序列分析能够利用单变量处理方法,分析矿井地下水系统中,由于多因素耦合作用所产生的矿井涌水量时间序列。通过对某矿区1985年9月至2005年2月矿井涌水量时间序列资料的分析,显示矿井涌水量时间序列具有混沌特征;通过对比预测值和实测值,表明预测精度高。因此,混沌时间序列分析方法用于矿井涌水量预测是可行的。