祁连山北缘早白垩世榆木山逆冲推覆构造与油气远景

榆木山地处祁连山北缘与河西走廊南缘的盆山结合带,是青藏高原北缘高原隆升与扩展的关键构造带。野外地质调查与构造填图发现,祁连山北缘的榆木山地区发育大型逆冲推覆构造,逆冲推覆构造之下是被掩埋的、褶皱了的早白垩世早期沉积地层,并被随后的走滑断裂活动和走滑双重构造所改造。深地震反射和大地电磁剖面测量与解释的初步结果,验证了祁连山北缘断裂以北发育的逆冲推覆构造,榆木山北缘山系构成飞来峰构造,将早白垩世酒泉盆地的一个分支掩盖在前中生代地层之下。构造关系分析给出主期逆冲推覆作用的时限大致为早白垩世早期,反映了在新生代印度—亚洲碰撞之前存在一期强烈的晚中生代构造挤压事件。逆冲推覆构造之下发现白垩纪盆地油气显示,扩展了该地区油气前景。     

Structural Characteristics and Formation Mechanism in the Micangshan Foreland,South China

Lying at the junction of the Dabashan,Longmenshan and Qinling mountains,the Micangshan Orogenic Belt coupled with a basin is a duplex structure and back-thrust triangular belt with little horizontal displacement,small thrust faults and continuous sedimentary cover.On the basis of 3D seismic data,and through sedimentary and structural research,the Micangshan foreland can be divided into five subbelts,which from north to south are:basement thrust,frontal thrust,foreland depression-back-thrust triangle,fore...     

准噶尔南缘逆冲带多个逆冲断层同期活动的几何学证据

天山北缘为典型的大陆内部活动构造特征,发育准噶尔盆地南缘逆冲带,主要表现为新生代时期形成的多排平行山体的背斜和逆冲断层。野外地质考察、地表填图指出,第二排背斜带玛纳斯背斜和吐谷鲁背斜核部均发育一条逆冲断层,背斜北翼发育一条逆冲断层,并导致河流阶地变形和断层崖的形成。地震资料解释和钻井数据证实玛纳斯背斜和吐谷鲁背斜北翼和核部存在多条向北逆冲的断层,在这些背斜和南侧第一排构造清水河背斜和奇古背斜之间的向斜之下存在隐伏的东湾背斜。二维地震测网构造解释指出东湾背斜为同时活动的、叠置的双重逆冲构造,并造成玛纳斯背斜和吐谷鲁背斜浅层发育一系列无序叠瓦逆冲断层。野外观察和地震解释的生长地层和地层不整合分析证实,这些无序逆冲断层形成时间主要为中新世晚期,一直到第四纪西域组(Q_1x)和乌苏群(Q_2)时期和第四纪中晚期(Q_4)。我们提出准南地区多个逆冲断层同期活动模式不同于新逆冲断层向前陆方向扩展时,旧断层不活动的模式。同期逆冲作用模式展示由于深部有序逆冲作用形成的双重逆冲构造发育期间,同期活动的逆冲作用可在浅层地表形成一系列无序逆冲断层,类似于叠瓦扇逆冲断层。     

Passive‐roof thrusting in the Messinian Vena del Gesso Basin (Northern Apennines,Italy): constraints from field data and analogue models

We present the results of a study of the Vena del Gesso Basin (Romagna Apennines, Italy) integrating field analyses and analogue modelling. This basin represents one of the best‐preserved top‐thrust basins in the Northern Apennines foreland and is one of the few examples where primary evaporites, related to the Messinian salinity crisis of the Mediterranean, widely crop out. The structural style affecting the Messinian gypsum is examined to get insights into the mechanism responsible for the overall deformation features recognizable in the area. The evaporites are completely detached at the base and widespread back‐thrusts, repeatedly doubling these deposits, strongly contrast with the regional forelandward vergence of structures in the Apennines. On the basis of the comparison between field data and experimental results, the features characterising this area can be described as the result of the deformation linked to the sequential activation of an obliquely propagating passive‐roof duplex. Analogue models evidenced the major role played (1) by syntectonic erosion that promoted the development of passive‐roof duplex style, as well as (2) the role of décollement level pinch‐out that determined an oblique progression of deformation. Finally our data lead to reconsider the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction concerning the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural Styles of Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt,SW China

Through field geological investigation and seismic interpretation of the Longmen (龙门) Mountain thrust belt, we summarized the following structural styles: thrust belt, fault-related fold (fault bend fold, fault propagation fold, and fault decollement fold), pop-up, triangle zone, duplex, superimposed fold, ductile deformation structures, reverse thrust fault, klippe, decollement structure,etc.. These structural styles have evident distribution characteristics; they had zonation and segmentation in plane. Th...     

Internal geometry of a thrust sheet,eastern Proterozoic belt,Godavari Valley,South India

A small thrust sheet, named Pedda Gutta thrust sheet, consisting of calcareous to cherty argillites and cherts, and juxtaposed against tidal-intertidal cross-bedded quartzites and stromatolitic and sileceous limestone in the eastern Proterozoic belt, Godavari Valley, exhibits structures comparable in style to those of the external zone of a fold-thrust mountain belt. A wide spectrum of periodic and aperiodic mesoscopic folds varying from upright ones with rounded hinges and attenuated limbs, through noncylindrical kinks to whalebacks and sheath-like forms have developed within the small volume of the thrust sheet, the preserved thickness of which is of the order of 50 metres (comparable in scale to cleavage duplexes). Cleavage development is also heterogeneous across the width of the sheet. Displacement transfer from faults to folds and vice-versa is a common feature. On the basis of the distribution of the mesoscopic structures of varying style within the sheet and localization of fault rocks, three slices (wedges) have been recognized, each bounded on the east by a thrust which is steep at the current erosion level but interpreted to be of listric form making the thrust network comparable in architecture, though not in scale, to a hinterland (west) dipping imbricate fan.     

龙门山北段矿山梁构造解析及其油气勘探

矿山梁构造是龙门山冲断带北段典型的前锋构造之一,经历了晚三叠世和新生代两期构造挤压变形。矿山梁构造几何学上表现为一个双重构造:浅层是一个晚三叠世形成的断层转折褶皱;深层则是在新生代形成的三个逆冲岩片叠置所构成的隐伏堆垛背斜构造。深部构造的发育改造了上覆晚三叠世形成的浅层构造。矿山梁构造的有利勘探部位是深部的隐伏冲断构造,尤其是新生代构造变形中最早形成的构造岩片即岩片1,但该构造能否具有较好的油气潜力则取决于深部构造顶部滑脱层的封堵能力。分析认为新生代形成的隐伏冲断构造是龙门山冲断带前锋带中油气勘探的新领域。     

Geometry and impact of transpressional faulting in polyphasic metamorphic orogenic belts: the Viù Deformation Zone (inner Western Alps)

This article describes the geometry and structural architecture of the Viù Deformation Zone (VDZ), a brittle-ductile to brittle structure affecting the metamorphic units of the inner Western Alps, and its role in modifying the pre-existing syn-metamorphic structural setting. The VDZ reactivates and displaces the contact between two different oceanic units, the Lanzo Ultramafic Complex and the Lower Susa–Lanzo Valleys Unit, characterized by polyphase syn-metamorphic deformation. It shows a strike-slip duplex geometry, constituted by N–S reverse-dextral faults linked by NW–SE antithetical sinistral-reverse faults, and represents a contractional step-over zone along a N–S regional dextral-reverse structure, the Col del Lis-Trana Deformation Zone. Formation of these transpressional structures steepened the Lanzo Ultramafic Complex during the last stages of its exhumation. The 3D geometry of the VDZ was strongly controlled by the reactivation of pre-existing structures, such as the buried western edge of the Ivrea body and metamorphic foliations. Brittle reactivation also induced block rotation along the VDZ, causing anomalous kinematic relations between the VDZ-associated faults. This study, hence, shows that in metamorphic orogens the mechanisms generating strike-slip duplexes may be different from those classically provided by the literature, with brittle reactivation and block rotation strongly prevailing on newly formed faults. In such orogens, moreover, rotations induced by transpressional faulting may sometimes be mistaken for steep syn-metamorphic shear zones. Underestimating the effects of later brittle deformation and associated rotations may cause erroneous interpretations of the tectonic evolution of orogens.     

逆冲双重构造形成的新模式

根据天然产出的逆冲双重构造基本特征，指出了Ｂｏｙｅｒ－Ｅｌｌｉｏｔｔ关于双重构造形成的理论模式存在的问题，提出了双重构造形成的锥形楔模式，并讨论了该模式对研究双重构造及编构造发育区平衡剖面的意义。     

藏北改则新生代早期逆冲推覆构造系统

藏北改则及邻区新生代早期发育大型逆冲推覆构造系统,由不同方向的逆冲断层、不同时代的构造岩片、不同规模的飞来峰和构造窗、不同类型的褶皱构造组成.羌塘中部发育羌中薄皮推覆构造,石炭系板岩和二叠系白云质灰岩自北向南逆冲推覆于上白垩统与古近系红层之上,形成大型逆冲岩席和弧形逆冲断层,原地系统古近纪红层下伏三叠系—侏罗系海相烃源岩.羌塘南部发育南羌塘薄皮推覆构造,导致班公—怒江蛇绿岩、三叠系—侏罗系海相地层及侏罗纪混杂岩自北向南逆冲推覆于古近纪红层与下白垩统海相沉积岩层之上,形成三条蛇绿岩片带、大量飞来峰和厚度较大的构造片岩.中新世早期火山岩层和湖相沉积呈角度不整合覆盖逆冲断层、褶皱构造和逆冲岩席,不整合面上覆火山岩年龄为23.7~19.1 Ma,指示中新世早期改则及邻区基本结束了强烈逆冲推覆构造运动.估算羌中逆冲推覆构造的推覆距离约100~115 km,南羌塘逆冲推覆构造的推覆距离约82~110 km;新生代早期改则逆冲推覆构造系统近南北方向逆冲推覆总距离为182~225 km,对应地壳缩短率为(50.3±2.7)%.