塔里木盆地西秋里塔格构造带走滑双重构造与“三明治”构造地质建模

据地球物理、地质以及遥感图像解释,西秋里塔格构造带地面发育走滑双重构造,其形成受前古近系基底走滑构造影响。由于基底构造与地面构造之间发育巨厚的古近系蒸发盐,使得这种联系具有间接性。走滑双重构造是在喜马拉雅期南天山—塔里木前陆近南北向挤压和基底左行走滑的复合作用下形成的,具有松弛弯曲背景下的扭张性质。西秋里塔格构造带前古近系基底以花状构造变形为主;盐上盖层为倾滑变形的构造三角带,两者与其间的盐构造共同构成研究区的“三明治”构造地质模型。     

论层序地层与岩石地层单位之间的关系——兼论沉积岩区1∶5万区域地质调查中填制“层序—组图”的双重表示方法

从时空关系出发讨论层序地层学与岩石地层学等分支学科之间的关系。建议采用两类主要地层分类系统的多重地层划分方案,把层序地层单位作为相对独立的辅助性地层单位。简述层序地层单位与岩石地层单位之间的几种关系。把层序地层方法用于山东淄川、文祖幅区调中,提出在沉积岩区１∶５万区调中填制“层序—组图”的双重表示方法     

Detailed fault structure of the Tarutung Pull-Apart Basin in Sumatra,Indonesia, derived from local earthquake data

The Tarutung Basin is located at a right step-over in the northern central segment of the dextral strike-slip Sumatran Fault System (SFS). Details of the fault structure along the Tarutung Basin are derived from the relocations of seismicity as well as from focal mechanism and structural geology. The seismicity distribution derived by a 3D inversion for hypocenter relocation is clustered according to a fault-like seismicity distribution. The seismicity is relocated with a double-difference technique (HYPODD) involving the waveform cross-correlations. We used 46,904 and 3191 arrival differences obtained from catalogue data and cross-correlation analysis, respectively. Focal mechanisms of events were analyzed by applying a grid search method (HASH code). Although there is no significant shift of the hypocenters (10.8 m in average) and centroids (167 m in average), the application of the double difference relocation sharpens the earthquake distribution. The earthquake lineation reflects the fault system, the extensional duplex fault system, and the negative flower structure within the Tarutung Basin. The focal mechanisms of events at the edge of the basin are dominantly of strike-slip type representing the dextral strike-slip Sumatran Fault System. The almost north–south striking normal fault events along extensional zones beneath the basin correlate with the maximum principal stress direction which is the direction of the Indo-Australian plate motion. The extensional zones form an en-echelon pattern indicated by the presence of strike-slip faults striking NE–SW to NW–SE events. The detailed characteristics of the fault system derived from the seismological study are also corroborated by structural geology at the surface.     

一个典型剖面的构造特征分析

断裂带上盘岩石的褶皱变形程度随距底板断层距离的不同而有规律的变化,即愈靠近底板断层,褶皱变形愈强烈,从而在剖面上呈现明显分带性.褶皱的形成与断裂活动有关,底板滑脱断层、底板逆冲断层和次级逆冲断层的滑动导致不同形态特征褶皱的形成,其中滑脱褶皱和断层传播褶皱典型,褶皱和断层在剖面上构成以逆冲顶板双重构造.     

The Khao Yai Fault on the southern margin of the Khorat Plateau, and the pattern of faulting in Southeast Thailand

A study of Google Earth images has revealed a hitherto-unrecorded gently curved lineament within the southern marginal zone of the Khorat Plateau in eastern Thailand. The lineament, confirmed by digital elevation model (DEM) images, is at least 130 km long and coincides with a dip reversal of the Mesozoic Khorat Group. It is interpreted here as a fault, named the Khao Yai Fault, and it has characteristics which make it unusual within the Khorat Plateau. The fault forms the northern boundary of a belt of several ENE-WSW trending fault splays which are thought to link with the Mae Ping Fault further south; this is interpreted as a left-stepping, sinistral strike-slip duplex about 50 km wide and 150 km long. Apatite fission track data indicate that exhumation began during the earliest Palaeogene.The Khao Yai Fault is considered in its regional context which includes the Cardamomes Mountains of Cambodia, the offshore Phuquoc-Kampot Basin, and the Khao Thalai Red-beds outlier of the Khorat Group in Southeast Thailand. The latter is interpreted as a down-faulted sliver of the Khorat Group in the Tha Mai Fault belt which is thought, in turn, to be a splay of Thailand's other major regional fault, the Three Pagodas Fault. Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic shallow-marine rocks with unusual faunas occur in a limited NNW-SSE trending zone to the west and NNW of the Tha Mai Fault and it is suggested that wrench movement on the fault played a part in the emplacement of these rocks.     

Coulissage dextre entre zones interne et externe des Maghrébides,et structuration en fleur de la Dorsale calcaire du Djurdjura (Algérie)

Résumé

Les formations méso-cénozoïques du Djurdjura (Algérie), élément important de la « Dorsale kabyle » de la chaîne des Maghrébides, sont classiquement subdivisées en trois « dorsales » : interne, médiane et externe. Cette subdivision calque, selon ses auteurs, des zones paléogéographiques s’approfondissant du Nord au Sud. Elle est basée sur la présence, l’absence et les variations d’épaisseur des formations allant du Paléozoïque à l’Éocène, considérées comme originelles. Une réinterprétation des levers géologiques existants ainsi que nos nouvelles observations structurales indiquent que les ablations, réductions et épaississements sont causés par des zones de cisaillement verticales. Ces couloirs de cisaillement (ductile à fragile) découpent les formations homogènes de la couverture de plateforme méso-cénozoïque et d’une partie de son substratum en lentilles verticales. Les cisaillements, leurs connections et la nature des déformations qu’ils causent permettent de distinguer la profondeur structurale et les différentes branches qui s’en détachent, délimitant ainsi des unités et sousunités tectoniques. Les unités tectoniques, souvent de forme lenticulaire très effilée en profondeur et vers le NE, s’épaississent vers le haut et le SW, constituant parfois des anticlinaux de rampe décro-chevauchante. Cette hétérogénéité semble être en rapport avec, d’une part, la déformation hétérogène transpressive et, d’autre part la présence de corps carbonatés basiques et éocènes découpés en amandes rigides moulées par les zones de fluage qui, par contre, se localisent essentiellement dans les niveaux marno-calcaires sénono-éocènes. L’ensemble des ces unités forme une structure globale de duplex transpressif en fleur acquise à la suite de la tectonique transcurrente fini-luté-tienne. Cette structure en fleur est le résultat de la lenticularisation d’une couverture méso-cénozoïque déformée dans une zone de collage transpressive dextre entre le cristallin kabyle interne et le domaine tellien externe de la chaîne des Maghrébides. Cette zone transcurrente se localise dans une aire de croûte probablement amincie, longeant le nord de la marge paléoafricaine, qui correspondrait à l’aire de sédimentation des flyschs crétacés.     

Structural Characteristics and Formation Mechanism in the Micangshan Foreland,South China

Lying at the junction of the Dabashan, Longmenshan and Qinling mountains, the Micangshan Orogenic Belt coupled with a basin is a duplex structure and back-thrust triangular belt with little horizontal displacement, small thrust faults and continuous sedimentary cover. On the basis of 3D seismic data, and through sedimentary and structural research, the Micangshan foreland can be divided into five subbelts, which from north to south are: basement thrust, frontal thrust, foreland depression-back-thrust triangle, foreland fold belt or anticline belt, and the Tongjiang Depression. Along the direction of strike from west to east, the arcuate structural belt of Micangshan can be divided into west, middle and east segments. During the collision between the Qinling and Yangtze plates, the Micangshan Orogenic Belt was subjected to the interaction of three rigid terranes: Bikou, Foping, and Fenghuangshan (a.k.a. Ziyang) terranes. The collision processes of rigid terranes controlled the structural development of the Micangshan foreland, which are: (a) the former collision between the Micangshan-Hannan and Bikou terranes forming the earlier rudiments of the structure; and (b) the later collision forming the main body of the structural belt. The formation processes of the Micangshan Orogenic Belt can be divided into four stages: (1) in the early stage of the Indosinian movement, the Micangshan-Hannan Rigid Terrane was jointed to the Qinling Plate by the clockwise subduction of the Yangtze Plate toward the Qinling Plate; (2) since the late Triassic, the earlier rudiments of the Tongnanba and Jiulongshan anticlines and corresponding syncline were formed by compression from different directions of the Bikou, Foping and Micangshan-Hannan terranes; (3) in the early stage of the Himalayan movement, the Micangshan-Hannan Terrane formed the Micangshan Nappe torwards the foreland basin and the compression stresses were mainly concentrated along both its flanks, whereas the Micangshan-Hannan Terrane wedged into the Qinling Orogenic Belt with force; (4) in the late stage of the Himalayan movement, the main collision of the Qinling Plate made the old basement rocks of the terrane uplift quickly, to form the Micangshan Orogenic Belt. The Micangshan foreland arcuate structure was formed due to the non-homogeneity of terrane movement.     

用遥感技术研究贺兰山区构造

在前人资料的基础上,通过对典型地质体的反射波谱测试,TM图象解译及野外调查,建立了推覆构造的影象解译标志,认为该区为一双冲推覆构造体系,推覆面积不小于8000km~2,推覆距离至少50km。这一新认识对于该区煤田预测有重要意义。      

构造三角带的概念及其油气勘探意义

构造三角带通常发育于褶皱冲断带中,是油气勘探的重要目标.构造三角带具有多种几何形态和命名,其中,阿尔伯迭型构造三角带具有普遍意义.近年来,国内外对构造三角带的研究工作取得了重要进展.利用物理模拟和数值模拟并结合实际地质情况,许多学者对构造三角带的演化提出了多种运动学模型和成因解释,本文介绍了2个运动学模型和单斜推进模式.影响构造三角带形成与发展的因素包括滑脱层、地层能干性差异、同构造沉积、剥蚀等.由于其内部构造的复杂性.三角带的地震剖面品质一般较差.而利用地震模拟和生长地层的方法可以在地震剖面上帮助识别出构造三角带.国内的地震勘探表明.中国西部挤压盆地中广泛发育三角带构造.文中列举了中国西部盆地中发育的构造三角带的实例.     

西昆仑甜水海地区前陆褶皱冲断带的构造样式及其演化

运用碰撞造山带大地构造朴理论,研究了西昆仑甜水海地区三叠系的沉积特征及其构造环境,晚三叠世末羌塘陆块与塔里木板块南缘的晚古生代一早中生代山弧碰撞造成的前陆褶皱冲断带的构造样式及其演化。通过对地层构造岩石组合、沉积环境及其变形强度特征的分析,得出该区三叠纪的沉积是一套典型的深水－半深水的复理石建造,形成于被动大陆边缘的沉积环境;其变形具有典型的前陆褶皱冲断带特征,并将褶皱冲断带按变形特征分５个带。提