Effects of dune stabilization on vegetation characteristics and soil properties at multiple scales in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

Ecological patterns and processes in dune ecosystems have been a research focus in recent years, however information on how dune stabilization influences vegetation and soil at different spatial scales...     

Screening of cellulose decomposing fungi in sandy dune soil of Horqin Sandy Land

Cellulose decomposing fungi play an important role in litter decomposition and are decisive in nutrient cycling in sandy land ecosystems. Thirty-one strains were isolated to select efficient cellulose decomposers, and four efficient cellulose decomposing fungi (NM3-1, NM3-2, NM3-3, and NM3-4) were screened using a CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) carbon source in dune soil of Horqin Sandy Land. They were identified as Asperigillus calidoustus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Hypocrea lixii by rDNA-ITS molecular biological methods. Cloth decomposition rates were 15.71%, 15.89%, 17.29%, and 17.89% by the four efficient decomposers incubated for 30 days, respectively. Screening of efficient cellulose decomposers can not only increase the dune soil functional microbe bank, but can also accelerate litter decomposition and available nutrient input in the Horqin Sandy Land.     

Ancient Martian aeolian processes and palaeomorphology reconstructed from the Stimson formation on the lower slope of Aeolis Mons,Gale crater,Mars

Reconstruction of the palaeoenvironmental context of Martian sedimentary rocks is central to studies of ancient Martian habitability and regional palaeoclimate history. This paper reports the analysis of a distinct aeolian deposit preserved in Gale crater, Mars, and evaluates its palaeomorphology, the processes responsible for its deposition, and its implications for Gale crater geological history and regional palaeoclimate. Whilst exploring the sedimentary succession cropping out on the northern flank of Aeolis Mons, Gale crater, the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity encountered a decametre‐thick sandstone succession, named the Stimson formation, unconformably overlying lacustrine deposits of the Murray formation. The sandstone contains sand grains characterized by high roundness and sphericity, and cross‐bedding on the order of 1 m in thickness, separated by sub‐horizontal bounding surfaces traceable for tens of metres across outcrops. The cross‐beds are composed of uniform thickness cross‐laminations interpreted as wind‐ripple strata. Cross‐sets are separated by sub‐horizontal bounding surfaces traceable for tens of metres across outcrops that are interpreted as dune migration surfaces. Grain characteristics and presence of wind‐ripple strata indicate deposition of the Stimson formation by aeolian processes. The absence of features characteristic of damp or wet aeolian sediment accumulation indicate deposition in a dry aeolian system. Reconstruction of the palaeogeomorphology suggests that the Stimson dune field was composed largely of simple sinuous crescentic dunes with a height of ca 10 m, and wavelengths of ca 150 m, with local development of complex dunes. Analysis of cross‐strata dip azimuths indicates that the general dune migration direction and hence net sediment transport was towards the north‐east. The juxtaposition of a dry aeolian system unconformably above the lacustrine Murray formation represents starkly contrasting palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic conditions. Stratigraphic relationships indicate that this transition records a significant break in time, with the Stimson formation being deposited after the Murray formation and stratigraphically higher Mount Sharp group rocks had been buried, lithified and subsequently eroded.     

毛乌素沙地典型流动沙丘水分深层渗漏量及动态特征

水分是干旱、半干旱区生态系统中最重要的限制因子,一直以来都是研究的热点问题。然而由于测定方法的缺失,流动沙丘深层水分渗漏量的动态变化特征缺少令人信服的直接证据。采用YWB-01型水分深层渗漏记录仪,研究了毛乌素沙地流动沙丘降雨入渗过程及150 cm深度处的深层渗漏特征。结果表明：2011年5月14日到2014年7月14日,深层渗漏量≤1 mm的天数为793天,占总观测到渗漏时长的81.5%,深层渗漏量占总渗漏量的21.3%;深层渗漏量≥10 mm的天数为18天,占总观测到渗漏时长的1.85%,深层渗漏量占总渗漏量的33.3%。集中补给期主要在6-9月,渗漏量分别占各年总渗漏量的70%以上。深层渗漏量和降雨量之间均呈显著正相关关系。     

西鄂尔多斯地区5种荒漠优势灌丛生物量分配格局及预测模型

以西鄂尔多斯地区5种荒漠优势灌丛（沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mogolicus）、四合木（Tetraena mongolica）、霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylum）、红砂（Reaumuria songarica）、半日花（Helianthemum songaricum））为研究对象,采用平均标准灌丛全部收获法测定灌丛各营养器官（枝条、叶片、根系）生物量,并分别以丛高（H）和冠幅（C）的复合因子（CH）及基径（D）和丛高（H）的复合因子（D²H）为自变量建立单株灌丛生物量预测模型。通过决定系数（R²）、估计值的标准误差（SEE）和F检验显著水平筛选出各灌丛种最佳生物量预测模型。结果表明：（1）5种荒漠灌丛单株总生物量干鲜比差异性显著（P<0.05）,各营养器官间差异性也达到显著水平（P<0.05）;灌丛根冠比种间差异显著（P<0.05）,红砂（1.05）> 霸王（1.01）> 半日花（0.92）> 沙冬青（0.90）> 四合木（0.49）;（2）根系和枝条是荒漠灌丛生物量的主要贡献者,其生物量占灌丛总生物量比例之和均在80%以上,根系生物量分配随根系径级的增加而增加;（3）5种荒漠优势灌丛单株灌丛生物量预测模型R²值均在0.85以上,且在0.05水平上显著,生物量模型预测精度较高。     

柴达木盆地新月形沙丘和线性沙丘共生现象

沙丘的共生,指的是不同类型的沙丘能够在同一片区域某一个时间段同时存在。对柴达木盆地的5处新月形沙丘和线性沙丘共存区域进行分析研究,结果表明这种共生沙丘一般都发育在沙源不足的高山、湖泊的边缘,而且发育在常年单一风向条件下;都是发育小型沙丘,很少有大型的共生沙丘;新月形沙丘和线性沙丘发育没有固定的方位模式,但都是沿着主风向发育,发育的相对位置与障碍物的方位有很大的关系;风况对共生沙丘的发育也有很大的影响。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床外围高家阱勘查区构造样式与构造地球化学找矿

高家阱勘查区位于云南会泽铅锌矿床北东侧,是矿山厂断裂NE向延伸的有利成矿地段。在1∶5000构造地质填图基础上,结合典型构造面力学性质分析,认为高家阱勘查区受NE向矿山厂背斜、矿山厂断裂控制,NE向左行压扭性层间断裂是矿体赋存的有利部位。印支晚期,在NW—SE向应力持续作用下,形成NE向牵引褶皱,构成高家阱控岩控矿构造格架——逆冲推覆构造,为成矿流体的运移提供通道。通过蚀变指数计算,提取肉红色粗晶白云岩、米黄色粗晶白云岩、灰白色粗晶白云岩蚀变信息,划定3个强蚀变地段。通过构造地球化学因子分析,绘制Pb-Zn-Cd-Ag、As-Sb-Hg元素组合异常图,提取异常信息并圈定4个主要异常区。除石炭系外,异常还分布在震旦系、泥盆系,具多层位找矿潜力。综合控矿构造-矿化蚀变-构造地球化学勘查技术组合,提出找矿方向。     

广州批发市场的供应物流空间格局及其形成机制

城市批发市场是集商流、物流和信息流于一体的商品集散地,其产生的物流活动属于城市物流的一部分。结合实地调查数据,采用社会网络分析方法对广州市批发市场的供应物流空间格局进行研究。首先构建由19 个供应地和21 个接收地组成的2-模矩阵,将其反应的关系信息进行可视化表达,结果显示物流结点呈现出交通指向性、地域集中性以及圈层式布局特点;货物供应以外向型为主,并形成国外、省外城市、珠三角和粤北地区的主要供应流格局;结点集货规模等级差异明显,形成城市内部的反y 形集货格局。然后对物流网络进行中心性分析,通过测量度数中心度、接近中心度和中间中心度等指标,得出珠三角、省外城市和白云区是物流网络的核心供应地;流花服装和中大布匹批发市场群是物流网络的核心接收地;南沙区、黄埔茅岗批发市场群等则属于物流网络的边缘结点。最后从城市性质、城市空间发展、产业集群和物流服务等4 方面对供应物流空间格局的形成机制进行探讨。通过对批发市场货流网络空间的研究,有利于为今后城市物流空间优化提供一定的决策参考依据。     

光释光测年和孢粉分析揭示的晚冰期以来科尔沁沙地演化过程

利用光释光测年技术对科尔沁沙地的7个风成砂-砂质古土壤剖面进行年代测试,结合地层和孢粉分析得到晚冰期以来科尔沁沙地的演化过程如下:16~10 ka B.P.,风成砂出现,沙地活化;10~3 ka B.P.,砂质古土壤发育,沙地固定;约3 ka B.P.前后,风成砂出现,沙地活化;3 ka B.P.至今,多层弱发育砂质古土壤和风成砂的交替出现,指示晚全新世科尔沁沙地的多次固定与活化;从约4~2 ka B.P.,沙地环境由草甸草原逐渐退化为典型草原。分析表明,3 ka B.P.以前科尔沁沙地的演化完全受气候变化的控制,之后(尤其是辽代以后)人类活动的影响日益增强。     

基于引力模型的安徽城市空间格局研究

依据引力模型的原理,构建新型引力和断裂点公式,通过安徽省17个城市间引力值和断裂点距离的计算和分析,研究安徽省城市的空间格局,得出结论:安徽省内区域性城市群初步形成,合肥市已经成为区域中心城市,城市间锁定效应和屏蔽效应显现,城市发展偏心化以及城市分布东紧西松加剧。提出应建立一个以中心城市为主的城市空间格局,依托中心城市,实行联动发展,注重城市交通基础设施建设,强调政府在城市空间布局中的主导作用。