全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4969篇 |
免费 | 1121篇 |
国内免费 | 1595篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 102篇 |
大气科学 | 1483篇 |
地球物理 | 1299篇 |
地质学 | 3355篇 |
海洋学 | 682篇 |
天文学 | 29篇 |
综合类 | 289篇 |
自然地理 | 446篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 31篇 |
2023年 | 79篇 |
2022年 | 159篇 |
2021年 | 158篇 |
2020年 | 172篇 |
2019年 | 208篇 |
2018年 | 163篇 |
2017年 | 195篇 |
2016年 | 171篇 |
2015年 | 212篇 |
2014年 | 280篇 |
2013年 | 260篇 |
2012年 | 307篇 |
2011年 | 261篇 |
2010年 | 233篇 |
2009年 | 356篇 |
2008年 | 363篇 |
2007年 | 460篇 |
2006年 | 351篇 |
2005年 | 335篇 |
2004年 | 300篇 |
2003年 | 265篇 |
2002年 | 302篇 |
2001年 | 227篇 |
2000年 | 225篇 |
1999年 | 230篇 |
1998年 | 234篇 |
1997年 | 209篇 |
1996年 | 169篇 |
1995年 | 130篇 |
1994年 | 141篇 |
1993年 | 109篇 |
1992年 | 88篇 |
1991年 | 86篇 |
1990年 | 57篇 |
1989年 | 46篇 |
1988年 | 50篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7685条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
81.
A three-dimensional (3D) density model, approximated by two regional layers—the sedimentary cover and the crystalline crust (offshore, a sea-water layer was added), has been constructed in 1° averaging for the whole European continent. The crustal model is based on simplified velocity model represented by structure maps for main seismic horizons—the “seismic” basement and the Moho boundary. Laterally varying average density is assumed inside the model layers. Residual gravity anomalies, obtained by subtraction of the crustal gravity effect from the observed field, characterize the density heterogeneities in the upper mantle. Mantle anomalies are shown to correlate with the upper mantle velocity inhomogeneities revealed from seismic tomography data and geothermal data. Considering the type of mantle anomaly, specific features of the evolution and type of isostatic compensation, the sedimentary basins in Europe may be related into some groups: deep sedimentary basins located in the East European Platform and its northern and eastern margins (Peri-Caspian, Dnieper–Donets, Barents Sea Basins, Fore–Ural Trough) with no significant mantle anomalies; basins located on the activated thin crust of Variscan Western Europe and Mediterranean area with negative mantle anomalies of −150 to −200×10−5 ms−2 amplitude and the basins associated with suture zones at the western and southern margins of the East European Platform (Polish Trough, South Caspian Basin) characterized by positive mantle anomalies of 50–150×10−5 ms−2 magnitude. An analysis of the main features of the lithosphere structure of the basins in Europe and type of the compensation has been carried out. 相似文献
82.
圆弧状沉积盆地与软土单覆盖层出平面地表运动对比 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用解析方法,通过圆弧状沉积盆地与同样参数的软土均匀单覆盖层的对比,研究沉积盆地对平面SH波二维散射效应和其出平面地表运动。数值对比结果表明:(1)波垂直入射时盆地中央地表位移幅值反应,其随频率变化形式与软土单覆盖层的地表运动有较强的对应性,且此时单覆盖层地表位移幅值为其下降;(2)盆地的二维散射效应特点显著波的汇聚作用使盆地中的地表运动显著放大,总体上较软土单覆盖层的地表位移幅值要大,其频域内的最大反应则明显大于单覆盖层情况,但最大反应在盆地表面出现的位置依赖于入射波角度、盆地深宽比和盆地的软硬程度;(3)沉积盆地中地表位移运动有强烈扭转效应,且随盆地变软和入射波频率增高而增强。 相似文献
83.
Introduction Bohai Bay, along with its adjacent areas, is one of the seismically active areas in North China. Understanding its crust/upper-mantle structural characteristics and lateral heterogeneity of the medium in this area is of great significance to the study of seismogenic environment, thus improvimg the level of earthquake prediction. For years, scientists have studied the area by gravity and magnetic methods (FENG, et al, 1989), geothermal field (WU, et al, 1988; TIAN, ZHANG, 19… 相似文献
84.
地壳由半无限大的基岩上一层厚度为H^-的表土层组成,入射地震波为垂直的SH波,产生水平地面运动。当浅源大地震发生时,在极震区以外行波传播产生地面运动将使地壳介质有非线性的有限弹性变形。用小参数摄动法使非线性控制方程为线性化的小参数各阶控制方程,得出头两阶线性控制方程的解析解。 相似文献
85.
Counting chronology and climate records with about 1000 annual layers of a Holocene stalagmite from the Water Cave in Liaoning Province, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
One active stalagmite from the Water Cave in Liaoning Province contains growth layers of three sizes. Based on thermal ionization mass spectrometry 230Th dating, we found that middle size layers are annual layers, with each middle layer consisting of one narrow dark layer and a wide bright layer. The small layers within middle layers are sub-annual layers and the large layers are multi-year layers. Based on the layer-counting method, we established a high-resolution time scale for layer thickness. Our results reveal two dramatic century-scale climate cycles over the past 1000 years in this region. 相似文献
86.
Audrey GalvéAlfred Hirn Jiang MeiJosep Gallart Béatrice de VoogdJean-Claude Lépine Jordi DiazWang Youxue Qian Hui 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):35-43
New wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic data provide constraints on the structure of the upper lithosphere, and test models of its evolution to raise the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. Amplitudes observed for reflections from the crust-mantle boundary are sufficiently large to suggest that there is no significant partial melt in the deep crust. The data show an increase of the crustal thickness between terranes from north of the Kun Lun Fault into the Qang Tang of central Tibet, and a contrast among their intracrustal images and compositions. In the north, P and S velocities are consistent with a dominantly felsic composition and show that only the upper crust thickened. South of the Kun Lun Fault a thicker crust made of two layers could result from the superposition of the originally thin crust of the Bayan Har terrane on the lower part of the crust of the domain to the north, which upper crust it shoved and thickened. Different modes of crustal thickening, either by thickening of individual layers or superpositions and imbrication among them appear to work jointly to raise the topography. 相似文献
87.
根据中朝地台东北缘地区 (东经 1 1 7°0 0′— 1 2 6°0 0′ ,北纬 36°0 0′— 44°0 0′) 1 980— 1 997年的 380 0 0余条P波走时数据 ,利用正交投影法重建了该区地壳和上地幔的三维速度结构 .通过分析及同人工地震测深剖面的详细对比 ,证明了成像结果的可靠性 .结果表明 :中朝地台东北缘地区地壳上地幔介质存在显著的横向不均匀性 ,直至 1 2 0km深度处依然明显 ;地壳上部的速度图像清楚地反映了不同岩石单元的分布与该区不同性质的基岩分布基本吻合 ;从上、中地壳的速度图像中发现了研究区存在海城、朝阳、义县、丹东南、唐山等几个低速异常区(即速度逆反层区 ) ,其中海城、唐山、朝阳等地区的壳内低速层已由深地震测深资料所证实 ;研究区陆地发生的几次强震均发生于壳内低速层上方的高速脆性介质内 ,而渤海发生的强震 ,此现象不明显 ,但都发生于横向介质速度显著突变的位置 ;在地壳不同深度上发现了普兰店至山海关横跨渤海的北西向低速异常带 ;地震层析二维速度图像与深地震测深资料的对比表明 ,研究区利用地震层析成像技术 ,在一定条件下可以获得与人工地震测深相似的效果 相似文献
88.
对不规则测区的地震资料直接进行三维偏移不仅可减少计算量,而且可提高偏移剖面的质量. 本文在单程波方程中增加了一项简单的阻尼因子,其作用如同在实际不规则测区的外部有一个薄吸收层. 因为波穿越这个薄层时,波场值迅速衰减,所以偏移时把吸收层外边界处的波场值取为零所产生的反射非常微弱. 又因为不规则测区零边界条件偏移程序极易编制,所以就可以实现对不规则测区的地震资料直接进行三维偏移. 通过对实际地震资料的处理,说明了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
89.
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 504B near the Costa Rica Rift is the deepest hole drilled in the ocean crust, penetrating a volcanic section, a transition zone and a sheeted dike complex. The distribution of Li and its isotopes through this 1.8-km section of oceanic crust reflects the varying conditions of seawater alteration with depth. The upper volcanic rocks, altered at low temperatures, are enriched in Li (5.6-27.3 ppm) and have heavier isotopic compositions (δ7Li=6.6-20.8‰) relative to fresh mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) due to uptake of seawater Li into alteration clays. The Li content and isotopic compositions of the deeper volcanic rocks are similar to MORB, reflecting restricted seawater circulation in this section. The transition zone is a region of mixing of seawater with upwelling hydrothermal fluids and sulfide mineralization. Li enrichment in this zone is accompanied by relatively light isotopic compositions (−0.8-2.1‰) which signify influence of basalt-derived Li during mineralization and alteration. Li decreases with depth to 0.6 ppm in the sheeted dike complex as a result of increasing hydrothermal extraction in the high-temperature reaction zone. Rocks in the dike complex have variable isotopic values that range from −1.7 to 7.9‰, depending on the extent of hydrothermal recrystallization and off-axis low-temperature alteration. Hydrothermally altered rocks are isotopically light because 6Li is preferentially retained in greenschist and amphibolite facies minerals. The δ7Li values of the highly altered rocks of the dike complex are complementary to those of high-temperature mid-ocean ridge vent fluids and compatible to equilibrium control by the alteration mineral assemblage. The inventory of Li in basement rocks permits a reevaluation of the role of oceanic crust in the budget of Li in the ocean. On balance, the upper 1.8 km of oceanic crusts remains a sink for oceanic Li. The observations at 504B and an estimated flux from the underlying 0.5 km of gabbro suggest that the global hydrothermal flux is at most 8×109 mol/yr, compatible with geophysical thermal models. This work defines the distribution of Li and its isotopes in the upper ocean crust and provides a basis to interpret the contribution of subducted lithosphere to arc magmas and cycling of crustal material in the deep mantle. 相似文献
90.
湘桂黔滇藏红色岩溶风化壳发育模式 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
基于对湘,桂、黔,滇,藏等地岩溶区红色风化壳的野外和室内研究,从表生地貌学,粘土矿物学和地球化学角度分析红色石灰土性质与地貌演化的关系,提出红色岩溶风化壳发育的二阶段模式;1)地貌夷平-风化物质积累阶段,在地貌演化过程中溶蚀残余物质不断积累,最后在夷平面上形成厚层连续的泥质风化壳,夷平面的地貌水文条件有利于粘粒的形成和保存,但限制了富铝化作用的有效进行,造就了岩溶风化壳粘粒含量高,富铝化程度低的特点,这与研究区23个红色岩溶风化壳剖面化学,粒度特征和粘土矿物组合特点一致。2)地貌切割-风化壳淋溶阶段,原始夷平面上的风化壳大多呈灰色,只有在构造隆升和地表微切割导致地下水位降低,淋溶条件开始改善的情况下,风化壳才有可能枞根本上转为红色。 相似文献