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991.
重非水相液体(dense nonaqueous phase liquid,DNAPL)污染土壤和地下水的问题已引起广泛关注,研究其在不同粒径多孔介质及其界面的运移特征形态是确定污染区域、修复治理土壤和地下水环境的前提。文章通过室内试验研究多孔介质界面对DNAPL运移与分布特性的影响。首先在二维砂槽上进行DNAPL污染物的入渗试验,试验过程中用数码相机拍照,将DNAPL扩散过程以图像的形式记录下来;然后用AutoCAD对图片进行处理,绘制出DNAPL迁移过程的锋面变化图。结果表明:DNAPL入渗过程中,迁移主要受到重力作用与毛细作用的控制,毛细作用力随着介质粒径的增大逐层减小,重力作用逐渐起主导作用使污染物入渗速度逐层增大;介质结构影响DNAPL的迁移形态,介质粒径逐层增大,DNAPL污染物的渗流面与指进扩散宽度逐层减小,扩散方式由面状变为指状;在不同粒径介质界面介质结构发生突变时,DNAPL迁移锋面线曲率也相应变大,此时DNAPL的迁移呈现“凸”型特征,另外,不同的界面横向扩散的滞留宽度不同,随着介质粒径的增大,界面的横向扩散宽度相对变短。 相似文献
992.
993.
重非水相液体(DNAPLs)泄漏进入土壤-地下水环境成为长期污染源,给人类健康及生态环境带来严重威胁。将四氯乙烯(PCE)作为特征污染物,通过二维砂箱实验探究饱和非均质介质中PCE的运移分布,及Tween 80溶液对PCE的去除效果。采用透射光法监测运移与修复过程,定量评估PCE的修复效率。结果表明,由于PCE无法克服毛细压力,在低渗透性介质上方聚积污染池;由于拉断效应,PCE在运移路径上以离散状形式存在。离散状PCE与Tween 80溶液的有效接触面积大,易被优先溶解去除,控制着修复效率。Tween 80溶液对离散状PCE修复效果显著,可作为有效的修复溶剂选用。 相似文献
994.
An empirical hyperbolic scale-dependent dispersion model, which predicts a linear growth of dispersivity close to the origin and the attainment of an asymptotic dispersivity at large distances, is presented for deterministic modelling of field-scale solute transport and the analysis of solute transport experiments. A simple relationship is derived between local dispersivity, which is used in numerical simulations of solute transport, and effective dispersivity, which is estimated from the analysis of tracer breakthrough curves. The scale-dependent dispersion model is used to interpret a field tracer experiment by nonlinear least-squares inversion of a numerical solution for unsaturated transport. Simultaneous inversion of concentration-time data from several sampling locations indicates a linear growth of the dispersion process over the scale of the experiment. These findings are consistent with the results of an earlier analysis based on the use of a constant dispersion coefficient model at each of the sampling depths. 相似文献
995.
I.?Jankovi? A.?FioriEmail author G.?Dagan 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2003,17(6):384-393
In the present part the results of numerical simulations of flow and transport in media made up from circular inclusions of conductivity K that are submerged in a matrix of conductivity K
0, subjected to uniform mean velocity, are presented. This is achieved for a few values of =K/K
0 (0.01, 0.1 and 10) and of the volume fraction n (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2). The numerical simulations (NS) are compared with the analytical approximate models presented in Part 1: the composite elements (CEA), the effective medium (EMA), the dilute system (DSA) and the first-order in the logconductivity variance (FOA). The comparison is made for the longitudinal velocity variance and for the longitudinal macrodispersivity. This is carried out for n<0.2, for which the theoretical and simulation models represent the same structure of random and independent inclusions distribution. The main result is that transport is quite accurately modeled by the EMA and CEA for low , for which
L
is large, whereas in the case of =10, the EMA matches the NS for n<0.1. The first-order approximation is quite far apart from the NS for the values of examined .
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0218914. Authors also wish to thank the Center of Computational Research, University at Buffalo for assistance in running numerical simulations. 相似文献
996.
A.?GuadagniniEmail author L.?Guadagnini D. M.?Tartakovsky C. L.?Winter 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2003,17(6):394-407
We study two-dimensional flow in a layered heterogeneous medium composed of two materials whose hydraulic properties and spatial distribution are known statistically but are otherwise uncertain. Our analysis relies on the composite media theory, which employs random domain decomposition in the context of groundwater flow moment equations to explicitly account for the separate effects of material and geometric uncertainty on ensemble moments of head and flux. Flow parallel and perpendicular to the layering in a two-material composite layered medium is considered. The hydraulic conductivity of each material is log-normally distributed with a much higher mean in one material than in the other. The hydraulic conductivities of points within different materials are uncorrelated. The location of the internal boundary between the two contrasting materials is random and normally distributed with given mean and variance. We solve the equations for (ensemble) moments of hydraulic head and flux and analyze the impact of unknown geometry of materials on statistical moments of head and flux. We compare the composite media approach to approximations that replace statistically inhomogeneous conductivity fields with pseudo-homogeneous random fields.
This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy (DOE): DOE/BES (Bureau of Energy Sciences) Program in the Applied Mathematical Sciences contract KC-07–01–01 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under LDRD 98604. This work made use of STC shared experimental facilities supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. EAR-9876800. This work was supported in part by the European Commission under Contract No. EVK1-CT-1999–00041 (W-SAHaRA). 相似文献
997.
The conductivity anisotropy behaviour is described for certain environment in the Earth’s crust and the MT inversion method
for a layered symmetrically anisotropic model is presented. The inversion interpretations of the anisotropic model from the
observational data are helpful to identify the earthquake precusors as indicated by the deep conductivity anisotropic variations,
and also provide some useful information to investigate the stress states and deformation bands in the deep crust of the Earth.
This project is sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
998.
999.
Fred F. Pollitz 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,125(1):1-14
1000.