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A new anisotropic poroelastic damage model is proposed for saturated brittle porous materials. The model is formulated in the framework of the continuum damage mechanics. A second‐rank symmetric tensor is used to characterize material damage due to oriented microcracks. The classic Biot poroelastic theory is then extended to include poroelastic damage coupling. Both the deterioration of elastic properties and poroelastic coefficients is taken into account. A suitable procedure for determination of model parameters from standard laboratory tests is presented. The validity of the model is tested through comparison between numerical predictions and experimental data in various loading conditions. The overall performance of the model is evaluated. The choice of relevant effective stress for the microcrack propagation criterion in saturated cohesive geomaterials is discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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We present a methodology for identifying highly-localized flow channels embedded in a significantly less permeable medium using steady-state head and geometrical data. This situation is typical of fractured media where flows are often strongly channeled at the scales of interest (10 m–1 km). The objective is to identify both geometrical and hydraulic characteristics of the conducting structures. Channels are identified in decreasing order of importance by successive optimizations of an objective function. The identification strategy takes advantage of the hierarchical flow organization to restrict the dimension of the solution space of each individual optimization step. The characteristics of the secondary channels are strongly determined by the main flow channels. The latter are slightly modified by the secondary channels through the addition of a regularization term to the main channel characteristics in the objective function. As the objective function is strongly non-convex with numerous local minima, inversion is performed using a stochastic algorithm (simulated annealing). We assess the possibilities of the hierarchical identification strategy on simple synthetic steady-state flow configurations where hydraulic data are made up of 25 regularly spaced heads and of the boundary conditions. Those flow structures that are dominated by at most two simple channels can be identified with these head data only. Configurations comprising up to three complex and interconnected channels can still be identified with additional geometrical information including the distances of piezometers to their closest channel. The capabilities of the hierarchical identification strategy are limited to flow structures dominated by at most three equivalent flow channels. We finally discuss the perspectives of application of the method to transient-state data obtained on a more restricted number of piezometers. 相似文献
917.
R. Ababou 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1994,8(2):139-155
This paper investigates analytical solutions of stochastic Darcy flow in randomly heterogeneous porous media. We focus on infinite series solutions of the steady-state equations in the case of continuous porous media whose saturated log-conductivity (lnK) is a gaussian random field. The standard deviation of lnK is denoted . The solution method is based on a Taylor series expansion in terms of parameter , around the value =0, of the hydraulic head (H) and gradient (J). The head solution H is expressed, for any spatial dimension, as an infinite hierarchy of Green's function integrals, and the hydraulic gradient J is given by a linear first-order recursion involving a stochastic integral operator. The convergence of the -expansion solution is not guaranteed a priori. In one dimension, however, we prove convergence by solving explicitly the hierarchical sequence of equations to all orders. An infinite-order stochastic solution is obtained in the form of a -power series that converges for any finite value of . It is pointed out that other expansion methods based on K rather than lnK yield divergent series. The infinite-order solution depends on the integration method and the boundary conditions imposed on individual order equations. The most flexible and general method is that based on Laplacian Green's functions and boundary integrals. Imposing zero head conditions for all orders greater than one yields meaningful far-field gradient conditions. The whole approach can serve as a basis for treatment of higher-dimensional problems. 相似文献
918.
利用S波段双偏振雷达、风廓线雷达、L波段探空雷达、区域自动站等观测资料和ERA5再分析资料, 对2019年5月26日发生在华南地区一次季风暴雨中海上龙卷过程的大气条件和雷达特征进行了详细分析。(1)低层辐合、高层辐散、中层短波槽东移的环流特征为龙卷的对流风暴提供了有利的大尺度动力抬升条件, 与大多数陆龙卷的形成机制相似。(2)该龙卷形成的环境条件也与一般非中气旋陆龙卷近似, 具有中等大小的对流有效位能, 对流抑制能量接近0, 为该对流风暴发生发展提供了热力条件, 具有发生龙卷的潜势; 强0~1 km低层风垂直切变和0~6 km深层风垂直切变为该对流风暴发展提供了动力条件, 其中低层风垂直切变远高于过去对陆龙卷低层风垂直切变统计的下限。(3)雷达发现: 龙卷出现前后, TVS(Tornadic Vortex Signature)雷达产品多次定位提醒, 但中气旋产品并未有提醒, 有一定示警作用; 径向速度产品揭示了龙卷正负速度对的发展变化; 龙卷低层旋转速度大值区多位于带状回波前沿, 对应的差分反射率ZDR减小, 相关系数CC较低, 有利于确定龙卷的持续时间和影响范围。 相似文献
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920.
波动方程有限差分法正演模拟,对认识地震波传播规律、进行地震属性研究、地震资料地质解释、储层评价等,均具有重要的理论和实际意义.但有限差分法本身固有存在着数值频散问题,数值频散在正演模拟中是一种严重的干扰,会降低波场模拟的精度与分辨率.针对TI介质波场模拟的交错网格有限差分方法,本文从空间网格离散、时间网格离散和算子近似等三个方面对其产生的数值频散进行了分析,并结合其他学者的研究成果给出了TI介质波场模拟中压制数值频散的方法与策略:在已知介质频散关系时,对差分算子可实施算子校正;通过提高差分方程的阶数来提高波场模拟精度;采用流体力学中守恒式方程的通量校正传输方法来压制波场模拟中的数值频散;在实际正演模拟时,采用交错网格高阶有限差分方程,不仅在空间上采用高阶差分,而且在时间上也要采用高阶差分,否则只在单一方向上(空间或时间)提高方程的阶数对压制数值频散也不会取得理想的效果. 相似文献