含水层的一种普遍规律:渗透系数随深度衰减

国内外多个含水层的研究都发现渗透系数具有随深度衰减的规律。给出了多孔介质和裂隙介质中渗透系数随深度衰减的一般模型及简化模型,并用该简化模型分析了多个含水层的渗透系数随深度衰减的规律。研究发现,随着渗透系数测试深度的增大,衰减系数明显变小;渗透系数测试深度相近的含水层,岩性对衰减系数有一定程度影响。渗透系数随深度衰减的规律应该在地下水科学的相关研究中引起重视。     

气象用90m/s回流开闭两用强风风洞设计

为解决国内70 m/s以上风速传感器没有检定和校准能力的问题,本文设计一种风速上限为90 m/s的回流强风气象风洞,并利用移动导轨使试验段具备开闭两用功能.风洞整体尺寸为26 m×10 m×4.2 m(长×宽×高);流速范围闭口时达到0.49～90.74 m/s;控制系统采用物理量全数字化设计,满足计量实验的自动化需求...     

流体饱和多孔隙介质弹性波方程边界元解法研究

基于流体饱和多孔隙各向同性介质模型,本文首先推导了流体饱和多孔隙介质中弹性波传播的频率域系统动力方程及边界积分方程,然后给出了流体饱和多孔隙介质弹性波方程的基本解,最后,利用本文给出的边界元方法对流体饱和多孔隙各向同性介质中的弹性波传播进行了数值模拟.结果表明：不论是从固相位移,还是液相位移的地震合成记录都能看到明显的慢速P波,本文提出的流体饱和多孔隙介质弹性波边界元法是有效可行的.     

Poroelastic behaviour of saturated brittle rock with anisotropic damage

A new anisotropic poroelastic damage model is proposed for saturated brittle porous materials. The model is formulated in the framework of the continuum damage mechanics. A second‐rank symmetric tensor is used to characterize material damage due to oriented microcracks. The classic Biot poroelastic theory is then extended to include poroelastic damage coupling. Both the deterioration of elastic properties and poroelastic coefficients is taken into account. A suitable procedure for determination of model parameters from standard laboratory tests is presented. The validity of the model is tested through comparison between numerical predictions and experimental data in various loading conditions. The overall performance of the model is evaluated. The choice of relevant effective stress for the microcrack propagation criterion in saturated cohesive geomaterials is discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同围压下饱和砂土不排水循环扭剪试验研究

利用河海大学与日本圆井株式会社共同研制的一种新型的多功能静动三轴仪进行了不排水循环扭剪试验。通过对空心圆柱体试样的动力扭剪不排水试验研究了相同相对密度在不同固结围压下的动力不排水响应。试验初步研究了通过用初始有效平均正应力归一化的有效应力路径,归一化有效应力路径有很好的一致性。如果保持相同的剪应力比,由初始有效平均正应力归一化的有效应力路径不受初始有效平均正应力的影响。     

An inverse problem methodology to identify flow channels in fractured media using synthetic steady-state head and geometrical data

We present a methodology for identifying highly-localized flow channels embedded in a significantly less permeable medium using steady-state head and geometrical data. This situation is typical of fractured media where flows are often strongly channeled at the scales of interest (10 m–1 km). The objective is to identify both geometrical and hydraulic characteristics of the conducting structures. Channels are identified in decreasing order of importance by successive optimizations of an objective function. The identification strategy takes advantage of the hierarchical flow organization to restrict the dimension of the solution space of each individual optimization step. The characteristics of the secondary channels are strongly determined by the main flow channels. The latter are slightly modified by the secondary channels through the addition of a regularization term to the main channel characteristics in the objective function. As the objective function is strongly non-convex with numerous local minima, inversion is performed using a stochastic algorithm (simulated annealing). We assess the possibilities of the hierarchical identification strategy on simple synthetic steady-state flow configurations where hydraulic data are made up of 25 regularly spaced heads and of the boundary conditions. Those flow structures that are dominated by at most two simple channels can be identified with these head data only. Configurations comprising up to three complex and interconnected channels can still be identified with additional geometrical information including the distances of piezometers to their closest channel. The capabilities of the hierarchical identification strategy are limited to flow structures dominated by at most three equivalent flow channels. We finally discuss the perspectives of application of the method to transient-state data obtained on a more restricted number of piezometers.     

Solution of stochastic groundwater flow by infinite series,and convergence of the one-dimensional expansion

This paper investigates analytical solutions of stochastic Darcy flow in randomly heterogeneous porous media. We focus on infinite series solutions of the steady-state equations in the case of continuous porous media whose saturated log-conductivity (lnK) is a gaussian random field. The standard deviation of lnK is denoted . The solution method is based on a Taylor series expansion in terms of parameter , around the value =0, of the hydraulic head (H) and gradient (J). The head solution H is expressed, for any spatial dimension, as an infinite hierarchy of Green's function integrals, and the hydraulic gradient J is given by a linear first-order recursion involving a stochastic integral operator. The convergence of the -expansion solution is not guaranteed a priori. In one dimension, however, we prove convergence by solving explicitly the hierarchical sequence of equations to all orders. An infinite-order stochastic solution is obtained in the form of a -power series that converges for any finite value of . It is pointed out that other expansion methods based on K rather than lnK yield divergent series. The infinite-order solution depends on the integration method and the boundary conditions imposed on individual order equations. The most flexible and general method is that based on Laplacian Green's functions and boundary integrals. Imposing zero head conditions for all orders greater than one yields meaningful far-field gradient conditions. The whole approach can serve as a basis for treatment of higher-dimensional problems.     

华南一次非中气旋海面龙卷的大气条件和雷达特征分析

利用S波段双偏振雷达、风廓线雷达、L波段探空雷达、区域自动站等观测资料和ERA5再分析资料, 对2019年5月26日发生在华南地区一次季风暴雨中海上龙卷过程的大气条件和雷达特征进行了详细分析。(1)低层辐合、高层辐散、中层短波槽东移的环流特征为龙卷的对流风暴提供了有利的大尺度动力抬升条件, 与大多数陆龙卷的形成机制相似。(2)该龙卷形成的环境条件也与一般非中气旋陆龙卷近似, 具有中等大小的对流有效位能, 对流抑制能量接近0, 为该对流风暴发生发展提供了热力条件, 具有发生龙卷的潜势; 强0~1 km低层风垂直切变和0~6 km深层风垂直切变为该对流风暴发展提供了动力条件, 其中低层风垂直切变远高于过去对陆龙卷低层风垂直切变统计的下限。(3)雷达发现: 龙卷出现前后, TVS(Tornadic Vortex Signature)雷达产品多次定位提醒, 但中气旋产品并未有提醒, 有一定示警作用; 径向速度产品揭示了龙卷正负速度对的发展变化; 龙卷低层旋转速度大值区多位于带状回波前沿, 对应的差分反射率Z_DR减小, 相关系数CC较低, 有利于确定龙卷的持续时间和影响范围。      

半球形饱和土沉积谷场地对入射平面Rayleigh波的三维散射问题的解析解

用Biot饱和多孔介质动力学理论模拟半球形两相饱和土沉积谷,用单相介质弹性动力学理论模拟周围半空间场地.利用Fourier-Bessel 级数展开法,在频域内给出了半空间中半球形饱和土沉积谷场地在平面Rayleigh波入射下三维散射问题的解析解.利用这一解析解计算分析了入射波频率、场地特征（包括孔隙比）对地表位移幅值的影响,并与已有的三维半球形沉积谷场地在单相介质中的散射问题进行了对比分析.     

波场模拟中的数值频散分析与校正策略

波动方程有限差分法正演模拟,对认识地震波传播规律、进行地震属性研究、地震资料地质解释、储层评价等,均具有重要的理论和实际意义.但有限差分法本身固有存在着数值频散问题,数值频散在正演模拟中是一种严重的干扰,会降低波场模拟的精度与分辨率.针对TI介质波场模拟的交错网格有限差分方法,本文从空间网格离散、时间网格离散和算子近似等三个方面对其产生的数值频散进行了分析,并结合其他学者的研究成果给出了TI介质波场模拟中压制数值频散的方法与策略：在已知介质频散关系时,对差分算子可实施算子校正;通过提高差分方程的阶数来提高波场模拟精度;采用流体力学中守恒式方程的通量校正传输方法来压制波场模拟中的数值频散;在实际正演模拟时,采用交错网格高阶有限差分方程,不仅在空间上采用高阶差分,而且在时间上也要采用高阶差分,否则只在单一方向上（空间或时间）提高方程的阶数对压制数值频散也不会取得理想的效果.