Spatiotemporal analysis of climate variability (1971–2010) in spring and summer on the Loess Plateau,China

By using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model with Palmer Drought Severity Index (VIC‐PDSI) model and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), spatiotemporal trends of climate variation during the main growing seasons for plants of Loess Plateau between 1971 and 2010 were detected and characterized. The VIC‐PDSI model is established by combining the VIC model with PDSI. The simulation results and the grids system of VIC were applied to substitute for the two‐layer bucket‐type model to do the hydrological accounting, which could improve the physical mechanism of PDSI and expand its application range. Our results suggest that the climate of the study area has experienced a drying and warming trend during the past four decades. Apart from some individual years and regions, there was a perpetuation of water deficit over the Plateau both in spring and summer. The drought frequency increased from southeast to northwest in spring, while the drought frequency decreased from southeast to northwest in summer. The climate in the southern part of the Loess Plateau, accounting for 23.3% of the study region, showed a significant drying and warming trend in spring over the past four decades. The climate variability detected by VIC‐PDSI model shows good agreement with that monitored by SPI. Since a large part of the study region frequently suffered from water shortage during the main growing seasons for plants, people living in such drought‐prone areas should take measures to prevent the negative effects on agricultural production, reforestation, and regional food security caused by drought. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国陆港型物流枢纽时空演化及其驱动因素

从多维度解析陆港型物流枢纽的发展机理,运用2001―2018年面板数据测度中国陆港型物流枢纽的综合发展实力,并采用空间分析、基尼系数等方法揭示枢纽的空间格局及演化特征,探究中国陆港型物流枢纽发展的主要驱动因素。研究发现：① 枢纽实力在胡焕庸线两侧呈现明显的分异特征,东南部地区枢纽总体比西北部地区发展更成熟、更稳定;② 枢纽发展的空间差异较为明显,且差异程度在不断增加;③ 基础设施和物流运营对枢纽的基尼系数贡献较大,但信息技术的影响提升更加明显;④ 人口规模、金融发展和外部环境因素促进枢纽发展,经济实力、教育水平和政府投资对不同等级枢纽的影响不尽相同。     

Eu(Ⅲ)溶液对膨润土-砂混合物渗透性能影响研究

在高放废物处置库长期运营过程中包封容器将发生破坏,核素会向外界迁移,缓冲回填材料的水力传导系数是评价处置库工程屏障性能的重要指标。采用柔性壁渗透仪,研究2.0×10-5 mol/L的Eu(III)溶液作为渗入液时膨润土-砂混合物的渗透特性。结果表明,膨润土-砂混合物的水力传导系数K=(2.07⁵.23)×10-10 cm/s;在05.23)×10-10 cm/s;在0⁵0%掺砂率范围内,膨润土-砂混合物吸水膨胀过程中渗透性能随掺砂率增大时没有明显的变化,能够满足高放废物处置库缓冲回填材料低渗透性的要求。使用有效黏土密度的概念,得到膨润土-砂混合物的体积膨胀率随初始有效黏土密度的增大呈指数增大的趋势;混合物水力传导系数的对数值与有效黏土密度存在良好的线性衰减关系;与蒸馏水相比,渗入液(ECDD)为2.0×10-5 mol/L的Eu(III)溶液时,膨润土-砂混合物的水力传导系数较小,可能是由于渗入液黏滞性的影响。     

岩屑测量在智利Henan D矿区地质勘查中的应用

在智利北部地区的地质找矿工作中,对安托法加斯塔Henan D矿区开展了岩屑粒度试验和1∶10 000岩屑地球化学测量。粒度试验表明,采集B+C层或C层-5~+40目岩屑样品能较好的反映地质特征;岩屑测量圈定了6处Cu-Au-Ag综合异常,通过槽探和钻探异常查证,发现了良好的找矿线索,该区具有找到铁氧铜金型铜矿的潜力。工作表明,在智利安托法加斯塔大区荒漠化景观区实施岩屑测量能够达到明确找矿目标、缩小找矿范围、确定找矿靶区的目的。     

路基土干湿类型判定的若干问题浅析

在市政道路工程勘察中,路基土干湿类型的判定结论为道路设计提供了设计依据。本文分析比较了相关规范中关于路基土干湿类型的判定标准,并结合市政道路工程勘察实践,对路基土干湿类型判定中存在的若干问题和注意事项进行了分析总结。     

钻孔压水试验测试仪及其在古贤水利枢纽工程中的试验应用

工程地质勘察中进行干深孔的常规性压水试验是长期困扰水利水电钻孔压水试验的技术难题,为解决该问题,自行研制了钻孔压水试验测试仪,并在古贤水利枢纽工程中进行了试验应用,取得了很好的效果。结合工程实践,综合分析了钻孔压水试验测试仪在古贤水利枢纽中的试验应用情况。     

枯季长江口南槽悬沙输运过程和机制研究

开展枯季河口悬沙输运机理研究对于揭示弱径流条件下的陆海相互作用、河口季节性冲淤和水沙关系等具有重要的科学意义.本文根据2018年12月18-25日长江口南槽3个站位连续13个潮周期的同步流速、流向和悬沙浓度等观测资料,运用通量机制分解法研究了各输沙项的特征、贡献和输运机理.结果 表明,从小潮至大潮流速和悬沙浓度不断增加,由南槽上部至下部流速和悬沙浓度逐渐降低.观测期间平均流速与平均悬沙浓度存在明显的正线性关系,但受底质空间差异影响,悬沙浓度对流速的响应强度存在显著的空间变化.枯季期间南槽存在着中上部向陆净输沙、下部向海净输沙的空间输运格局.平流输沙和潮泵输沙是影响和控制净输沙的关键因素,二者的强度和贡献存在明显的潮周期变化和空间变化,垂向环流输沙的强度很弱,对净输沙贡献很小.南槽涨落潮输沙不对称现象明显,流速、悬沙浓度和历时都具有一定的涨落潮不对称性,这些不对称现象共同调节和控制着潮周期净输沙强度和方向的时空变化.     

温度对土体微孔隙特征影响的试验研究

采用烘干法和冻干法分别对深圳土和重塑膨润土进行干燥制样,利用压汞试验得到的累积进汞量曲线,对土体进行了孔隙尺度划分,分析了土体采用不同温度烘干和冻干法干燥制样后孔隙分布存在的差异性,得出了制备压汞试验用土样时,冻干法优于烘干法这一结论。     

Structural Changes and Rheological Properties of Dry Abalone Meat （Haliotis diversicolor） During the Process of Water Restoration

Changes in tissue structure, rheological property and water content of dry abalone meat in the process of water restora- tion were studied. The weight and volume of dry abalone meat increased with water restoration. When observed under a light micro- scope, structural change in myofibrils was obvious and a distinct network was found. When water restoration time increased from 24 h to 72 h, the instantaneous modulus E0 and viscosity η1 increased, whereas the rupture strength and relaxation time (τ1) were re- duced. There were no significant changes of rheological parameters (E0, η1, τ1, rupture strength) from 72 h to 96 h of water restoration. Therefore, the dry abalone meat was swollen enough at the time of 72 h. The rheological parameters were obviously influenced by the structural changes.     

近50 a华南干湿状态的时空特征

利用华南地区63个气象站1961-2007年的降水和气温资料,采用月干湿气候指数计算华南各月的干湿状态,其结果可以明显区分华南地区的干湿季.通过趋势分析、EOF(the empirical or-thogonal function,自然正交函数分解)分析、合成分析等方法分析了近50 a华南地区干湿状态时空特征.趋势分析结果表明:华南地区2－3月、5月和7－8月明显变湿,而4月、9－12月显著变干,1月和6月变化趋势不明显,即华南地区的秋季旱情在过去50 a有加重的趋势,而春季旱情有所缓解,夏季洪涝则加重.EOF分析表明,华南地区东、西部干湿状态的时间演变位相相反.背景特征分析表明,华南地区干湿状态主要影响因子可能为海气相互作用过程和陆气相互作用过程.