水稻干物质的数值模拟及类型区划

干物质积累是水稻经济产量的基础,利用分斯播种资料,运用作物生长模拟方法,根据水稻主要种植区域的光温资料,作出水稻干物质积累的理论计算。通过对干物质积累值的时空规律分析和区划,为分析生物学产量形成的生态条件提供数据。     

干热河谷气候区荒坡生物治理技术─—以东川蒋家沟大凹子村为例

在分析研究区生态环境实际问题基础上,提出了生物治理干热河谷区荒坡的对策措施,并对这些措施的治理效益进行了观测、评价．     

大气有机污染分析和评价：Ⅲ.美国迈阿密市大气有机污染监测与分析

自１９９４年６月至１９９５年３月对（美）迈阿密市大气颗粒物及干、湿沉降物中的多种有机化合物进行了定量分析与监测，并依据分析结果结合分子参数对有机污染水平的季节性变化、气候条件影响和清除机理等进行了探讨。     

用模糊距离系数区分深部气层和干层

本文扼要地介绍了模糊距离系数分类法的原理,并用该方法对东濮凹陷深部气层和干层作了聚类分析,与试井结论相比效果可佳。因此,该方法对深部层测井解释颇具价值。     

川西义敦章德坝子全新世孢粉组合和环境研究

分布在川西高原海拔4100m的章德第四纪复式沉积盆地，表部覆盖着Ⅰ-Ⅲ级河谷阶地沉积，其中合大量的植物孢粉化石。Ⅲ级阶地内植物孢粉组合为早中全新世温暖潮湿气候下形成；Ⅱ-Ⅰ级阶地的植物孢粉组合为晚全新世较干冷气候的森林草原环境形成。下伏的措普寺冰碛层为晚更新世第五冰期沉积。这为川西高原几大第四纪盆地内地层划分对比和环境研究提供了参考标准。     

Reach-Scale Cation Exchange Controls on Major Ion Chemistry of an Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Stream

McMurdo dry valleys of Antarctica represent the largest of the ice-free areas on the Antarctic continent, containing glaciers, meltwater streams, and closed basin lakes. Previous geochemical studies of dry valley streams and lakes have addressed chemical weathering reactions of hyporheic substrate and geochemical evolution of dry valley surface waters. We examine cation transport and exchange reactions during a stream tracer experiment in a dry valley glacial meltwater stream. The injection solution was composed of dissolved Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl^-. Chloride behaved conservatively in this stream, but Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ were reactive to varying degrees. Mass balance analysis indicates that relative to Cl^-, Li⁺ and K⁺ were taken up in downstream transport and Na⁺ was released. Simulations of conservative and reactive (first-order uptake or generation) solute transport were made with the OTIS (one-dimensional solute transport with inflow and storage) model. Among the four experimental reaches of Green Creek, solute transport simulations reveal that Li⁺ was removed from stream water in all four reaches, K⁺ was released in two reaches, taken up in one reach, and Na⁺ was released in all four reaches. Hyporheic sediments appear to be variable with uptake of Li⁺ in two reaches, uptake of K⁺ in one reach, release of K⁺ in two reaches, and uptake of Na⁺ in one reach. Mass balances of the conservative and reactive simulations show that from 1.05 to 2.19 moles of Li⁺ was adsorbed per reach, but less than 0.3 moles of K⁺ and less than 0.9 moles of Na⁺ were released per reach. This suggests that either (1) exchange of another ion which was not analyzed in this experiment or (2) that both ion exchange and sorption control inorganic solute transport. The elevated cation concentrations introduced during the experiment are typical of initial flows in each flow season, which flush accumulated dry salts from the streambed. We propose that the bed sediments (which compose the hyporheic zone) modulate the flushing of these salts during initial flows each season, due to ion exchange and sorption reactions.     

岷江柏林下土壤养分特征及种群间差异分析

对现存于川西6个县的岷江柏林下土壤养分状况及其空间差异性比较研究表明，土壤表层（0～20em）有机质、全N、全P、碱解N、速效P、速效K和阳离子交换量均以马尔康居群最高，其次为金川、小金、丹巴居群，理县和茂县居群较低，土壤全K和土壤pH恰好相反，茂县居群较大，马尔康居群较小。从土壤的垂直变化看，除全K和土壤pH外，其它土壤养分均为表土层大于底土层。从相关性分析看，岷江柏林下土壤全N、全P、碱解N、速效P和CEC与土壤有机质呈极显著相关，土壤速效养分主要受全量养分控制，土壤养分指标地理空间差异较大，通过岷江柏林土壤养分指标的相关性分析，马尔康岷江柏居群土壤养分指标综合性能最好，其次为理县、金川、丹巴、小金岷江柏居群，最差的为茂县岷江柏居群。岷江柏林下养分差异是植被状况、地形条件、保护管理措施和人为干扰状况等多种因素综合作用的结果。     

共沸蒸馏法制备电气石超细粉末

分别以水和正丁醇为研磨介质，得到电气石超细粉末的液相悬浮体，利用水和正丁醇可以形成共沸物的特点，分别采用直接加热和共沸蒸馏法脱分散介质干燥悬浮体制备电气石超细粉末。透射电镜分析结果表明，直接加热脱去水或正丁醇会使电气石超细颗粒发生硬团聚，而共沸蒸馏法则可有效防止硬团聚的产生；拉曼光谱结果表明，共沸蒸馏法制备的电气石粉末表面存在O—H和C—H键，说明正丁醇在颗粒表面为化学吸附，而直接干燥法得到的电气石粉末表面则没有；X射线粉晶衍射结果表明，研磨过程降低了粉末衍射峰的强度，但直接加热干燥和共沸蒸馏干燥均未破坏电气石的晶格结构。正丁醇中的丁氧基在共沸蒸馏过程中在电气石颗粒表面可取代羟基，产生化学吸附，能有效防止液桥的产生，阻止干燥过程中超细粉末的硬团聚。     

近2 ka河西走廊及毗邻地区沙漠化过程的气候与人文背景

根据古城废弃、湖泊退缩、频降尘期等发生时代的相对一致性，确定历史时期河西走廊沙漠化过程存在3次大发展时期，即南北朝、唐末五代和明清两朝，它们均对应近2ka来的气候干冷阶段。清代中期河西走廊人口密度突破了干旱地带人口压力的“临界指标“，水资源利用率超过40％，是晚近沙漠化土地迅速扩大的主要原因。