带有预紧功能的新型钻杆夹持器的研究

〗在分析现有机械式钻杆夹持器的问题基础上,针对解决机械钻杆夹持器的工作可靠性、操作性问题,选用铰链式的增力夹持结构,设计了一种带有预紧夹持功能的夹持器,增加了卡瓦的初始夹持力,改善了夹持器的工作性能。     

A Review of Formation Mechanism Study on Reservoirs with Tilted Oil-water Contacts

The distribution characteristics of the oil-water contact are the basis for the reservoir exploration and development and reserves evaluation. The reservoir with a tilted oil-water contact has a unique formation mechanism, and the understanding of its distribution and formation mechanism will directly affect the evaluations for the reservoir type, well deployment, selection of well pattern and type, determination of test section, and reserves evaluation. Based on the analysis of reservoir characteristics, petrophysical properties and geological structure in 40 reservoirs worldwide with tilted oil-water contacts, the progress of the research on the formation mechanisms of titled oil-water contacts is summarized in terms of the hydrodynamic conditions, reservoir heterogeneity, neotectonic movement and oil-gas exploitation. According to the formation mechanism of tilted oil-water contacts and the needs of exploration research, different aspects of research methods are summarized and classified, such as the calculation of equipotential surfaces for oil and water in the formation, analysis of formation pressure and analysis of reservoir physical properties and so on. Based upon statistical analysis, it is suggested that the degree of the inclination of the oil-water contact be divided based on the dip of oil-water contact(DipTOWC). The tilted oil-water contact is divided into three categories: large dip(DipTOWC≥55 m/km), medium dip(4 m/km≤DipTOWC55 m/km), and small dip(DipTOWC4 m/km). The classification and evaluation method can be combined with structure amplitude and reservoir property. The formation mechanism of domestic and international reservoirs with tilted oil-water contacts are summarized in this paper, which have important significance in guiding the exploration and development of the oilfield with tilted oil-water contacts, reserves evaluation, and well deployment.     

Two-dimensional Dynamics Simulation of Two-phase Debris Flow

To investigate the movement mechanism of debris flow, a two‐dimensional, two‐phase, depth‐integrated model is introduced. The model uses Mohr‐Coulomb plasticity for the solid rheology, and the fluid stress is modeled as a Newtonian fluid. The interaction between solid and liquid phases, which plays a major role in debris flow movement, is assumed to consist of drag and buoyancy forces. The applicability of drag force formulas is discussed. Considering the complex interaction between debris flow and the bed surface, a combined friction boundary condition is imposed on the bottom, and this is also discussed. To solve the complex model equations, a numerical method with second‐order accuracy based on the finite volume method is proposed. Several numerical experiments are performed to verify the feasibilities of model and numerical schemes. Numerical results demonstrate that different solid volume fractions substantially affect debris flow movement.     

典型海洋开发活动经济产出与资源环境综合效益评估分析

海洋开发活动在产生社会经济效益的同时也造成了海洋资源的损耗,并对海洋环境及其生态服务功能产生影响。根据江苏省海洋资源开发活动特点,筛选出江苏海岸带资源开发中常见的5种典型的开发利用方式,选取了经济效益指标、社会效益指标、资源损耗指标、环境成本指标构成海洋开发活动综合效益评估体系,采用灰色关联法定量分析各项目以及其评价指标对综合效益的贡献程度。其中围海养殖、海上风电、排污倾倒、城镇建设与综合效益的关联度均值分别为0.464,0.459,0.509和0.490;临港工业开发方式与综合效益的关联度均值为0.657,处于较好状态,所以建议优先选择临港工业开发方式,从而得出海洋开发方式的选择依据。     

TLP风机基础二阶动力响应研究

针对概念设计的位于南海的三腿TLP浮式风机基础,应用基于水动力与空气动力耦合的FAST程序在时域内开展了风机基础的动力响应分析。结果表明,风载荷对TLP风机基础六个自由度的动力响应,尤其是纵摇影响显著。由于耦合作用,二阶波浪力进一步增大了基础的纵荡、横摇和艏摇响应。谱密度分析表明,风载荷及二阶波浪力显著地增大了浮式基础水平面内的低频运动。此外,基于风机基础运动时程,应用ORCAFLEX软件开展了时域内筋腱的顶部张力特性分析,结果表明,风载荷和二阶波浪力增大了筋腱顶张力幅值。     

铜陵宝山陶铅锌金多金属矿区成矿规律及找矿前景

通过对安徽铜陵宝山陶矿区成矿规律的分析,提出矿区的成矿母液主要来自燕山期的新屋里岩体后期分异。多次涌动的新屋里岩体在燕山晚期形成成矿热液,这些热液沿着该地区在印支期形成的层间滑脱断层和切割较深的北西向断层通道输送,在科里奥利力的作用下发生右偏,使得矿体多富集在层间滑脱断层和北西向断层交汇处,特别是北西向断层的右侧。矿液在运移过程中逐渐远离新屋里岩体,随着温度的下降,矿液发生分异,形成靠近岩体的宝山陶矽卡岩型铜矿,以及远离岩体的泉水冲、大竹园矿段铅锌铁矿。     

软沉积物滑塌变形物理模拟及变形机理分析*

软沉积物滑塌变形是一种地质现象,对于分析区域地质发展史和指导油气勘探具有重要的意义,近年来越来越受到地学界的重视。但大多数的研究是基于野外现象的定性观察描述,对其形成过程和成因机制的定量探究较少。笔者建立了一套斜坡背景下重力驱动的软沉积物滑塌变形物理模拟实验装置,并设计了完整的实验程序,利用具有不同黏滞系数的材料模拟地层,通过多次实验改变沉积箱坡度模拟不同的地层倾角,总结了软沉积物滑塌变形的演化模式: 滑塌开始,模拟地层逐渐隆起;随着地形坡度变大,滑塌褶皱依次发展成圆弧褶皱、紧密等斜褶皱,断裂产生后形成类似无根等斜褶皱和鞘褶皱的变形构造,直到地层趋于平稳。分析了软沉积物滑塌变形的机理: 软沉积物受到自身沿斜坡重力的驱动,发生滑塌,层与层之间的剪切效应导致软沉积物发生变形。     

Finite element models to represent seismic activity of the Indian plate

Quantification of seismic activity is one of the most challenging problems faced by earthquake engineers in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Currently, this problem has been attempted using empirical approaches which are based on the regional earthquake recurrence relations from the available earthquake catalogue. However, at a specified site of engineering interest, these empirical models are associated with large number of uncertainties due to lack of sufficient data. Due to these uncertainties, engineers need to develop mechanistic models to quantify seismic activity. A wide range of techniques for modeling continental plates provides useful insights on the mechanics of plates and their seismic activity. Among the different continental plates, the Indian plate experiences diffused seismicity. In India, although Himalaya is regarded as a plate boundary and active region, the seismicity database indicates that there are other regions in the Indian shield reporting sporadic seismic activity. It is expected that mechanistic models of Indian plate, based on finite element method, simulate stress fields that quantify the seismic potential of active regions in India. This article explores the development of a finite element model for Indian plate by observing the simulated stress field for various boundary conditions, geological and rheological conditions. The study observes that the magnitude and direction of stresses in the plate is sensitive to these conditions. The numerical analysis of the models shows that the simulated stress field represents the active seismic zones in India.     

海上丝绸之路起点——泉州港岸线变化的遥感动态研究

泉州港作为古代海上丝绸之路的起点,今天又成为21世纪“一带一路”的新起点。本文以泉州港1990-2014年共6期的Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,综合应用遥感和GIS技术提取了泉州港的海岸线及海域变化信息,从海岸线的长度、变化速率、分形维数、海域变化面积和海域利用类型5个方面进行海岸线变化及其驱动力分析。研究表明：近24年来,泉州港海岸线长度增加了37.78 km,海岸线的形状总体稳定,但在局部有明显变化。海岸线变化导致的海域变化面积为68.02 km²,其中,建设用地(城市和港口建设)占用的比例最大,围海养殖也是一个重要的利用类型。但泉州港围填海新增面积的利用率不高,超过一半的围填海面积尚未被合理地开发利用。总的来看,新城区建设、临港工业产业兴起和农渔业发展导致了泉州港海岸线的变化。     

等效力控制方法在拟动力试验中的应用

为了避免用复杂的迭代求解拟动力试验隐式逐步积分方法的非线性运动方程,作者提出了一种用反馈控制求解的方法—等效力控制方法。这篇文章首先介绍等效力控制方法的原理;然后通过数值模拟和试验验证此方法的有效性。数值模拟和试验的结果都表明,当选用合理的等效力控制器参数时,此方法可以取得非常好的稳定性和精度。数值模拟的结果还表明尽管等效力控制方法是以力作为反馈控制的对象,此方法能有效完成对具有负刚度试件的加载。