延吉—珲春地区圆砾层地基承载力研究

延吉—珲春地区的圆砾层是该区域工程建设经常利用的土层.为了获取圆砾层可靠的地基承载力数据,探讨确定地基承载力适宜的测试手段和方法,以及检验以前地基承载力数据的可靠度,采用载荷试验和重型圆锥动力触探试验原位测试方法对圆砾层的地基承载力进行了测试研究,获取了十二组地基承载力特征值、变形模量和重型圆锥动力触探锤击数试验数据.通过对试验数据的统计分析,得到了圆砾层地基承载力特征值的范围,得出地基承载力特征值、变形模量与重型圆锥动力触探锤击数线性相关的结论.据此,提出了适合当地工程地质条件的根据重型圆锥动力触探锤击数计算圆砾层地基承载力特征值和变形模量的经验公式.为延吉—珲春地区岩土工程勘察工作能够准确可靠、便捷、经济地确定圆砾层地基承载力特征值和变形模量提供了依据和方法,并为吉林省其他地区圆砾层地基承载力的研究提供了参考.     

河北唐山宋家营勘查区施工技术研究

宋家营勘查区位于河北唐山丰南区,存在着新生界厚度大,流沙层、卵石层、砂砾层松散破碎,部分钻孔漏失严重;煤层埋藏深、层数多、层位变化大等问题,给提高钻探施工质量和效益带来了不便。为解决这些问题,作者从钻孔设计人手,针对不同的地层采用相适应钻探工艺和技术措施,对长期沿用钻探方法进行改进,使钻进方法更具有针对性;对不同的地层配制了不同的冲洗液,对地层漏失根据情况采用恰当的堵漏方法,大大减少了因堵漏增加的成本。从而使钻进效率由过去的287m／台月,提高到440m／台月,台月效率提高了53．3％,大大降低了钻探成本。     

车载空气潜孔锤钻进技术在煤层气井施工中的应用

韩城矿区位于陕西渭北石炭二叠系煤田东部,在大地构造位置上处在鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘,边、浅部构造复杂,断裂发育,中深部地层平缓,断裂稀少。矿区煤层气资源丰富。在分析矿区地层及钻进施工难点的基础上,应用空气潜孔锤钻进技术进行煤层井的钻探施工工作。通过对钻进中钻井液技术和钻进参数的介绍,较为详细的说明了空气潜孔锤钻进技术在煤层井的应用情况。结果表明,采用车载空气潜孔锤钻进技术能大大缩小纯钻进时间,提高钻进效率,节约成本,同时也降低了孔内事故风险。     

青海木里煤田永久冻土地层钻探技术研究

木里煤田属高寒缺氧地区,冻土（岩）层在钻进中遇热融解、融化,从而使孔内出现大范围的坍塌,造成卡钻、埋钻事故频发,给钻探施工及岩煤心采取带来很大的困难。从钻孔结构设计、钻具选择、低温冲洗液配置等方面进行深入研究,总结出来了一套适用于木里煤田永久冻土地层的钻探技术。应用表明,该项技术将钻月效率从2004年的224m,提高到2006年的424.5m,效果显著。     

沿煤层顶板钻进煤层气U型井二次贯通技术探讨

U型井在煤层气资源开发中逐渐得到应用,但沿煤层顶板钻进的U型连通井在国内尚属首例。该在进行二次贯通时,由于套管下深距洞穴太远而形成过长水泥塞、固井候凝时间过长而水泥强度太大的原因造成了第一次二次贯通失败。针对这种情况,现场采取在洞穴直井处三级扩孔方法,最终实现了二次贯通,对在扩孔时技术措施进行了较为全面的介绍,并对以后施工提出了相应预防措施。     

Artificial neural network model for prediction of rock properties from sound level produced during drilling

In many rock engineering applications such as foundations, slopes and tunnels, the intact rock properties are not actually determined by laboratory tests, due to the requirements of high quality core samples and sophisticated test equipments. Thus, predicting the rock properties by using empirical equations has been an attractive research topic relating to rock engineering practice for many years. Soft computing techniques are now being used as alternative statistical tools. In this study, artificial neural network models were developed to predict the rock properties of the intact rock, by using sound level produced during rock drilling. A database of 832 datasets, including drill bit diameter, drill bit speed, penetration rate of the drill bit and equivalent sound level (L_eq) produced during drilling for input parameters, and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Schmidt rebound number (SRN), dry density (ρ), P-wave velocity (V_p), tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (E) and percentage porosity (n) of intact rock for output, was established. The constructed models were checked using various prediction performance indices. Goodness of the fit measures revealed that recommended ANN model fitted the data as accurately as experimental results, indicating the usefulness of artificial neural networks in predicting rock properties.     

Pipe-soil shear interaction stiffness in horizontal directional drilling and pipe bursting

During horizontal directional drilling and pipe bursting installations, the shear forces between the pipe and the surrounding soil play a major role in the tensile loads and stresses experienced by the pipe. The magnitudes and variations in the shear forces are controlled by the pipe-soil interaction characteristics. This paper discusses the shear interaction between the pipe and the soil during those trenchless installations. A pipe-soil interaction mechanism is described that quantifies the relationship between the shear force and shear displacement, as well as the shear force at which sliding takes place. A simple analytical approach, as well as a finite element procedure, is employed to provide guidelines on practical values of the pipe-soil interaction stiffness and to investigate the effect of some soil and geometric parameters on the interaction stiffness magnitude.     

基岩水井采用泡沫潜孔锤钻进实践

通过对甘肃肃北七角井铁矿区0310mm口径基岩水井空气泡沫潜孔锤钻进施工,总结验证了空气泡沫潜孔锤钻进施工大口径基岩水井的工艺,提出了不同孔段的钻进技术措施。     

极地冰层回转钻进切削热量测试装置的研制

极地冰盖深部“暖冰”层钻进时,由于冰层的温度较高,接近甚至达到冰的压力熔点,回转钻进时产生的切削热量极易使冰屑融化,导致机械钻速慢、取心率低、卡钻事故频发。钻压、转速、切削具结构等参数均对切削热量有一定的影响,有必要设计一套实验装置对切削热量进行测试,从而为设计切削具结构、优化钻进参数组合提供理论依据。以XY-1型岩心钻机钻进系统为平台,利用无线信号传输原理设计了冰层回转钻进切削热量测试实验台。初步测试结果表明,该实验装置能够准确测量钻压、扭矩、切削温度等参数,可用来进行相关的实验研究。     

φ175 mm电磁随钻测量系统的研制及试验研究

在深孔、定向孔钻进过程中,对钻孔轨迹的控制十分重要。电磁随钻测量系统能够监测钻孔状态参数并通过无线电磁波实时传输至地面,具有信号传输速率高、不受钻井液影响等优势。详细阐述了一种自主研发的电磁随钻测量系统及试验情况,试验最大孔深为609 m,此时地面接收信号高达200 mV。试验研究表明：该系统性能可靠,完全能够满足随钻测量近钻头处钻孔状态及环空压力、温度等参数的需求。