The stationary field of a buried non-symmetrical dipole

A new transmitting pattern, a buried non-symmetrical electric dipole in a conducting half space, is treated theoretically. A simple formula for the stationary current field of this pattern is derived from the Laplace equation and it is confirmed by the laboratory experiments and a well site experiment. This formula gives the upper limit of the electrical signal strength at the surface, transmitted from the bottom of a drill string.     

岩土钻探工程大口径钻头设计与应用

分析对比了多种岩土钻探工程大口径钻头的优缺点，设计了适应不同地层的大口径钻头。     

Predation by Octopus vulgaris in the Mediterranean

Abstract. Octopus vulgaris consumes at least 22 molluscan and several crab species in the Mediterranean off the coast of France. Collections of prey discards in octopus middens and in areas inhabited by octopuses revealed that molluscs comprise an estimated 80% of the O. vulguris diet. Octopus predation is probably an important source of mortality for many of these prey species, causing up to 60 % of the mortality within the size ranges sampled. O. vulgaris does not selectively consume particular sizes of its three most important prey species, the bivalves Pilaria chione and Venus verrucosa and the abalone Haliotis tuberculata. Analysis of octopus drill holes on the two bivalve species showed that their locations were nonrandom, whereas the distribution of drill holes in the abalone was not distinguishable from random.     

反循环钻头参数优选系统的建立

气动贯通式潜孔锤钻进技术以其独特的技术优势在岩土与钻探界广泛应用.然而在复杂地层钻进中,由于钻头结构不够合理,反循环往往形成困难或难以形成,使该技术的应用受到限制.针对该问题,作者运用理论分析、数值模拟与实验研究相结合的科学研究手段,对影响反循环形成的钻头新增引射孔各参数、底喷孔各参数以及其它相关参数进行优化设计,得到一系列适合不同规格钻头的相关参数值及其回归方程.将研究结论与专家的经验总结汇合编写了钻头参数优选系统.研究结论应用于生产试验中,岩矿芯采取率达到98%以上,反循环形成顺利,岩矿芯完整度好.     

1896–2006 Sahelian annual rainfall variability and runoff increase of Sahelian Rivers

Updated rainfall data to 2006 confirm that the Sahelian rainfall has increased since the end of the 1990s, but the annual average rainfall is still as low as during the drought of the 1970s. The decrease of rainfall is higher in the Northwest and lower in the Southeast Sahel. The increase of temperature over West Africa during the end of the 20th century induced an increase of Potential Evaporation, which might reduce the runoff. However, the joint effect of climate change and of human activities on land cover over more than three decades is responsible for an increase of the runoff coefficients of the West African Sahelian Rivers since the 1970s, despite the rainfall shortage during the same period, as revealed by the analysis of runoff from Mauritania, Burkina-Faso and Niger. The runoff coefficients have increased in regions with less than 750 mm of annual rainfall, under Sahelian and subdesertic climates, leading to increased flood peaks, occurring earlier in the season. Even if it is difficult to separate which part of this runoff coefficient increase is due to climate change alone or to human impact on land cover, the highest values are observed in the most inhabited areas, where land cover is dominated by cultivated areas. This climatic/human impact on land cover is so huge that it has changed since decades the hydrological regimes of the Sahelian Rivers, from the small watershed to the largest one, such as the Niger River at Niamey.     

用Excel2003和CGIS计算村庄压煤储量的简便方法

本文主要阐述了利用Excel2003和CGIS结合计算村庄压煤储量的简便方法。这种方法较之以前原始的计算村庄压煤的方法很简便,节省了时间和人力、财力,可以说是十分行之有效的方法。     

PDC钻头布齿的计算机辅助设计

合理的布齿是保证PDC钻头有优良工作性能的关键。目前常用的PDC钻头布齿设计方法是图解调整法。该方法速度慢,设计工作烦琐,工作量大,效率低,不符合PDC钻头布齿设计灵活的特点,而且有时会出现不必要的误差。本文在讨论PDC钻头布齿设计特点的基础上,叙述利用CAD进行PDC钻头布齿设计的原理和方法,介绍PDC钻头布齿计算机辅助设计软件的内容和编制原理。      

机械钻速与金刚石底出刃、钻进规程参数关系的试验研究

俄罗斯钻探专家提出在金刚石正常钻进条件下,破碎岩屑的数量应与孔底排出岩屑的数量相应,否则,岩屑将会充满孔底部分,形成“岩屑垫”,阻碍岩石破碎,所以设计钻头和选择钻进规程参数时,应该保证破碎岩屑体积与孔底表面、钻头胎体间的体积,即充满孔底的体积相等。在此基础上提出了机械钻速（钻头每转进尺）的计算公式。该公式给出了机械钻速与金刚石底出刃、岩屑排出程度的关系。提出了金刚石正常出刃和非正常出刃的概念,并对正常出刃金刚石钻头和非正常出刃金刚石钻头进行了实验室试验研究和野外生产试验研究,取得了肯定的结果。