一种基于实践九号卫星的快速系统误差补偿技术

直接利用光学遥感卫星的严格成像模型对地面点进行定位,定位误差与卫星姿态测量误差有关,其中包括地球自转引起的偏流角误差和姿态角常差。偏流角误差可以根据星历数据予以有效消除,而姿态角常差一般要利用少量控制点进行消除。基于此,在消除偏流角的影响下,这里采用了一种改进的四元数算法——P-H算法用于快速计算姿态角常差,并对系统误差进行补偿。该技术较常用的欧拉角解算,具有原理简单,计算速度快和结果稳定的特点。通过实践九号卫星影像的实验表明,运用该技术能快速和大幅度提高卫星在稀少控制点情况下的定位精度。     

Plasma drift in the solar corona

Model calculations of plasma drifts in the solar corona were performed. We established that only drifts in crossed fields could result in velocities V of several hundred kilometers per second. Such velocities are typical of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We derived an analytic expression for V where n, the expansion harmonic of the magnetic-field strength, varies with time. As follows from this expression, V is a power function of the distance with index (2?n) and the radial component changes sign (n?1) times in the latitude range from ?π/2 to +π/2. We found that if the magnetic dipole moment varies with time, the similarity between the spiral structures of coronal plasma is preserved when they displace within several solar radii and the density gradient at the conical boundaries increases (the apparent contrast is enhanced). There is a correspondence between the inferred model effects and the actually observed phenomena that accompany CMEs.     

The secular variation of inner zone high energy proton environment in the SAA

The main portion of the inner radiation belt en-countered by spacecraft in low-Earth orbits (LEOs) is concentrated over the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) where satellites observed the highest particle flux. The anomaly arises from the Earth’s magnetic field being less intense in the region centered near the east of the Atlantic coast of South America. The trapped radiation belt particles therefore have their lowest mirroring altitudes over the center region of the SAA. Drift shells in t…     

Wind tunnel simulation experiment and investigation on the electrification of sandstorms

~~Wind tunnel simulation experiment and investigation on the electrification of sandstorms~~     

The Nichols' Relief Model of the United States

Abstract

The agricultural system in West Pakistan is largely subsistence-oriented, and extensive areas are devoted to produce the low-value crops. Only a small portion of the total cropped area is used to raise cash crops. However, there are regional differences in cropland use in the province. The study focuses on regional variations in the cropping patterns in West Pakistan by establishing the crop combination areas. The crop combination areas also point out a land-use distinction between the areas. Also, the changes in some of the important crops in terms of their land occupancy in the area during the fifteen-year period have been analyzed.     

无线传感器网络中基于时钟漂移补偿的时间同步技术

在分析和总结现有时间同步算法的特点及其存在问题的基础上,提出了一种在无线传感器网络的时间同步协议（TPSN）中同时考虑节点时钟偏移和频率漂移率的改进算法。该算法利用连续两次同步过程中所记录的时间信息来估算节点时钟的偏移和频率漂移率,并进行补偿。同传统算法相比,此算法通讯成本较低、精度较高。最后通过数学分析和仿真的方法对所提出的改进算法进行了验证。     

水深对软刚臂单点系泊FPSO动力响应的影响

系泊系统的定位能力是浅水油田作业的软刚臂式单点系泊FPSO安全作业的重要保障,为研究不同水深/吃水比下单点系泊系统的受力性能,针对一艘16万吨级软刚臂单点系泊FPSO,在线性三维势流理论的基础上,基于多体动力学方法,建立FPSO-系泊腿-软刚臂的耦合模型,采用Newman近似法和Pinkster近似法分析了FPSO所受二阶波浪力,在时域内计算了不同水深/吃水比对系泊系统动力响应性能的影响。结果表明,随着水深/吃水比的增加,Newman近似法计算得到二阶波浪力先增大后减小,引起单点系泊系统载荷先增大后减小;而Pinkster近似法计算得到的二阶波浪力逐渐减下,引起单点载荷逐渐减下。在浅水条件下,Pinkster近似法具有较好的适用性,Newman近似法严重低估了FPSO所受的二阶波浪力;在深水条件下,Newman近似法能满足工程计算的要求;适用两种方法的临界水深/吃水比为1.64。     

某海底沉管隧道风塔及下部结构抗震性能分析

为研究某海底隧道风塔及下部结构体系在塑性阶段的损伤破坏形态及特点,探讨在多重荷载作用下弹塑性静动力响应对结构的影响,建立了沉管隧道风塔及下部结构的大型三维有限元模型。采用基于能量原理的混凝土塑性及损伤本构模型,借助大型有限元软件ANSYS及ABAQUS分别对结构进行不同地震条件下的动力时程分析,对比分析振型、层间位移角及较为完整的塑性损伤破坏系数曲线。结果表明:不同设防地震下,结构整体性良好,振型及层间位移角满足规范要求;不同罕遇地震下,该结构的混凝土塑性拉压损伤最大时刻均发生在20 s,主要破坏区域在风塔与人防井及下部立柱的接触位置,且拉伸破坏系数明显高于压缩破坏。本文的研究成果可以为类似近海沉管隧道工程抗震设计提供一定的依据与指导。     

Decameter Type III-Like Bursts

We report the first observations of Type III-like bursts at frequencies 10 – 30 MHz. More than 1000 such bursts during 2002 – 2004 have been analyzed. The frequency drift of these bursts is several times that of decameter Type III bursts. A typical duration of the Type III-like bursts is 1 – 2 s. These bursts are mainly observed when the source active region is located within a few days from the central meridian. The drift rate of the Type III-like bursts can take a large value by considering the velocity of Type III electrons and the group velocity of generated electromagnetic waves.     

Bimodality of anomalous pulsars?

At present, it is widely believed that anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs), rotational radio transients (RRATs), compact central objects (CCOs) in supernova remnants, and X-ray dim isolated neutron stars (XDINSs) belong to different classes of anomalous objects in which the central bodies are isolated neutron stars. Previously, we have shown that AXPs and SGRs can be described in terms of the drift model for parameters of the central neutron star typical of radio pulsars (rotation periods P ～ 0.1–1 s and surface magnetic fields B ～ 10¹¹–10¹³ G). Here, we show that some of the peculiarities of the sources under consideration can be explained by their geometry (in particular, by the angle β between the rotation axis and the magnetic moment). If β ? 10° (an aligned rotator), the drift waves in the outer layers of the neutron star magnetosphere can account for the observed periodicity in the radiation. For large β (a nearly orthogonal rotator), the observed modulation of the radiation and its short bursts can be explained by mass accretion from the ambient medium (e.g., a relic disk).