Geochemical modeling of coal mine drainage, Summit County, Ohio

 Geochemical modeling was used to investigate downstream changes in coal mine drainage at Silver Creek Metro-park, Summit County, Ohio. A simple mixing model identified the components that are undergoing conservative transport (Cl^–, PO₄ ^3–, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Na⁺) and those undergoing reactive transport (DO, HCO₃ ^–, SO₄ ^2–, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Si). Fe²⁺ is removed by precipitation of amorphous iron-hydroxide. Mn²⁺ are removed along with Fe²⁺ by adsorption onto surfaces of iron-hydroxides. DO increases downstream due to absorption from the atmosphere. The HCO₃ ^– concentration increases downstream as a result of oxidation of organic material. The rate of Fe²⁺ removal from the mine drainage was estimated from the linear relationship between Fe⁺² concentration and downstream distance to be 0.126 mg/s. Results of this study can be used to improve the design of aerobic wetlands used to treat acid mine drainage. Received: 4 June 1996 · Accepted: 17 September 1996     

深基础护坡桩的设计与施工中的几个问题

着重介绍了间隔式钻孔灌注桩在挡土护坡技术中的应用方法，设计时的主要参考依据，计算土压力理论的应用原则以及施工中需注意的几个问题，为进行深基础挡土护坡的工程提供了部分参考依据。     

遥感技术在我国水电建设前期工作中的应用

本文回顾了我国水电遥感工作自８０年代以来的发展状况，详细介绍了我国水电遥感调查工作的内容，方法及其所到得的效益，指出我国水电遥感工作具规模宏大，内容广泛，协同攻关的特点，也存在着遥感资料应用尚不够充分等三方面的不足。够     

黄河上游梯级水电站施工洪水优化设计方法探讨--以黄河公伯峡水电站施工洪水优化设计为例

梯级水电站设计洪水方法一直是梯级水电站水文设计的难点．几十年来在黄河上游梯级电站设计中已总结出一套比较完整的设计洪水及施工洪水计算方法。通过黄河公伯峡水电站施工洪水优化设计过程，论述了该套方法．并就目前存在的一些观点及疑问给予了较为明确的回答。     

建设用地地质灾害危险性评估中几个问题的思考

结合工作实践，就建设用地地质灾害危险性评估及其成果审查工作中经常遇到的5个问题——评估灾害类型的确定原则，评估区环境条件分析深度的把握，现状、预测及综合地质灾害危险性评估内容的侧重点，土地适宜性评价的依据以及优秀评估成果的判定标准，提出了个人的理解和认识。供从事类似工作的同志参考。     

加强气象依法行政促进气象事业发展

随着“依法治国”方略在气象部门的贯彻，作为气象行政执法主体机关，气象部门应如何搞好依法行政，保证气象事业快速有序发展，从而更好地为经济社会服务，本文从目前气象依法行政工作中面临的主要问题出发，结合市(地)气象部门的实际情况，提出了今后气象依法行政要做好的五方面工作。     

天山北麓玛纳斯河流域山间洼地地下水库的形成机理与开发利用的意义

天山北麓玛纳斯河流域山问洼地位于低山丘陵区山前坳陷带的南部，该区褶皱、断裂、近NS向次级张性断裂与平移构造以及山间洼地的第四系沉积物发育．山区地表水流经该段入渗，加之南部中山区的侧向补给形成山间洼地地下水库．正确认识玛纳斯河流域山间洼地地下水库的形成机理并对其进行合理的开发利用，对解决玛纳斯河流域季节性缺水及枯水年缺水有重要意义．笔应用构造及地表水由山区水站至山口渠首站实测流量损失的研究成果，揭示了玛纳斯河流域山间洼地地下水库的形成及调蓄作用，并概算了补给量，为今后开发利用山间洼地地下水库水资源提供了依据．     

六四式军用梁在侧向架梁中的应用

六四式军用梁应用于遂川江特大桥40mT梁侧向架梁中,笔者详细地介绍了架梁设备的主要结构,以及架梁施工技术与操作方法,并对军用梁架梁设备进行系统验算,架梁设备达到安全要求。并进行了经济技术分析,应用该架梁方案,大大降低了施工成本。     

GIS Spatial-Temporal Modeling of Water Systems in Greater Toronto Area, Canada

Modeling landscape with high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) in a geographic information system can provide essential morphological and structural information for modeling surface processes such as geomorphologic process and water systems. This paper introduces several DEM-based spatial analysis processes applied to characterize spatial distribution and their interactions of ground and surface water systems in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. The stream networks and drainage basin systems were derived from the DEM with 30 m resolution and the regularities of the surface stream and drainage patterns were modeled from a statistical/multifractal point of view. Together with the elevation and slope of topography, other attributes defmed from modeling the stream system, and drainage networks were used to associate geological, hydrological and topographical features to water flow in river systems and the spatial locations of artesian aquifers in the study area. Stream flow data derived from daily flow measurements recorded at river gauging stations for multi-year period were decomposed into “drainage-area dependent“ and “drainage-area independent“ flow components by two-step “frequency“ and “spatial“ analysis processes. The latter component was further demonstrated to relate most likely to the ground water discharge. An independent analysis was conducted to model the distribution of aquifers with information derived from the records of water wells. The focus was given on quantification of the likelihood of ground water discharge to river and ponds through flowing wells, springs and seepages. It has been shown that the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a unique glacial deposit that serves as a recharge layer and that the aquifers in the ORM underlain by Hilton Tills and later deposits exposed near the steep slope zone of the ridges of ORM provide significant discharge to the surface water systems (river flow and ponds) through flowing wells, springs and seepages. Various statistics (cross- and auto-correlation coefficients, fractal R/S exponent) were used in conjunction with GIS to demonstrate the influence of land types, topography and geometry of drainage basins on short- and long-term persistence of river flows as well as responding time to precipitation events. The current study has provided not only insight in understanding the interaction of water systems in the GTA, but also a base for further establishment of an on-line GIS system for predicting spatial-temporal changes of river flow and groundwater level in the GTA.     

声波钻进技术的发展及其应用

声波钻进是在各种覆盖层中采集连续岩心样品的有效手段。叙述了声波钻进技术的发展情况、工作原理、设备操作、优越性和用途，并且对我国研发此项技术提出了建议。