气体数字化观测气水分离装置研究

1995～2000年气体前兆观测技术有了很大发展，台站观测方式由原来的人工取样发展成为连续的数字化自动观测。但实现这一技术的基础环节（气水分离技术）在实际应用中还存在许多问题，针对存在的问题，尤其是观测井气水分离技术进行了研究，并提出了适合于不同条件并孔的气水分离装置。     

改进的人工增雨水滴冻结实验装置

介绍一个改进的水滴冻结实验装置,它由冷腔、冷腔温度控制、水滴冻结信号检测及记录、循环散热和冷环境箱等几部分构成.实验时,将被测水样分散为数十个均匀水滴,分布在涂有硅油的冷板上,温度控制系统使水滴温度线性降低.由于每个水滴中所含冰核引发水滴冻结的温度不同,群滴将会陆续发生冻结.利用水滴冻结释放的潜热和帕尔帖效应,在笔式记录仪上自动地连续给出水滴冻结事件的脉冲信号.对某种水样进行多次的冻结实验得到其水滴冻结温度谱,按Vali给出的方法可以推算该水样中冻结核含量.用该装置曾对北京地区各类降水做过冻滴实验,结果表明不同降水的冻结核浓度的温度谱有明显差异.如能对播云催化作业前后的雨水进行采样并在此装置中进行冻结核浓度的检测,有望为人工影响天气效果的检验提供一个新的物理判据.     

Control law for variable damping device defined by a non-linear differential equation

This paper proposes a non-linear control law for a variable damping device (VDD) aimed at reducing structural seismic responses. The VDD is attached to the structure by an auxiliary spring element composing a non-linear Maxwell element. The VDD's damping coefficient is adjusted to control the reactive internal force in the non-linear Maxwell element. A large controlled force is thus produced with little external power required to adjust the VDD's damping coefficient. The proposed control law defines the rate or increment of the VDD's damping coefficient at a certain moment by a differential equation or its discretized form. The controlled force vs. deformation relation plots parallelogram-like hysteretic curves, which indicates quick action and energy dissipation. Fundamental characteristics of an SDOF model with the VDD controlled by the proposed law are examined for impulse, sin and seismic excitations. The law for the SDOF model is extended to one for an MDOF model. The control effect for a 3DOF model is examined by numerical experiments. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PHS-3B型PH计的日常维护和常见故障的判断处理

介绍PHS-3B型PH计的基本结构、组成、仪器检测的一般方法、使用注意事项和日常维护保养,重点对该型PH计出现的常见故障进行分析、并找出排除方法。     

超级终端在自动站维护中的应用

利用W indow s操作系统中的超级终端检测、判断自动站采集器的状态,同时可对已缺测的正点数据进行补救。     

模拟水位自记装置的制作

介绍了模拟水位装置的设计思路、主体结构和工作原理,介绍了设计的具体数据、选材和制作工艺。该装置以科普展览为目的,具有直观、明了的特点,其设计旨在促进青少年学生对地震科普知识的兴趣,增加防震减灾知识。     

Experimental and numerical behaviour of dissipative devices based on carbon‐wrapped steel tubes for the retrofitting of existing precast RC structures

The 2012 Emilia earthquake (in Northern Italy) caused extensive damage to existing prefabricated reinforced concrete structures. These buildings were found being extremely vulnerable because, being designed for vertical loads only, they featured friction‐based connections between structural elements, most commonly between beams and columns. Given the large diffusion of these structures, their seismic retrofit is critical. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature, in most of which friction‐based connections are removed by inserting mechanical connectors that will make beam‐column connections hinged. These approaches lead to a significant increase of the base shear and therefore require strengthening of columns. The paper presents dissipative devices based on carbon‐wrapped steel tubes to be used as an alternative low‐damage solution for the retrofit of beam‐column connections. The first part of the paper presents results of experimental tests on the devices and discusses their dissipative behaviour. The succeeding parts of the paper present numerical analyses on simple structures reinforced with the proposed device. The results of the numerical study show how the introduction of the dissipative devices produces a significant reduction of forces transmitted to the structure, by comparing the seismic response of simple frame structures equipped with dissipative devices with the response of equivalent elastic systems.     

基于线性流变模型的基础隔震系统的动力特性研究

为了更准确地分析基础隔震系统的动态响应和隔离能力,构建服从Hooke定律、Kelvin/Voigt定律的线性流变模型,采用1977年罗马尼亚地震的数据资料,对该模型进行动力特性的理论分析和实验研究,然后建立相关参数的表达式,发现各参数受到黏性阻尼系数c的离散变化和角速度ω的连续变化影响较大。通过与实验对比发现所建立表达式是正确的。可以通过最大传递力Q0和运动传递率T来评估系统的动态隔离能力。     

Relationships between physical‐geochemical soil properties and erodibility of streambanks among different physiographic provinces of Tennessee,USA

Erosion of cohesive soils in fluvial environments is dependent on physical, geochemical and biological properties, which govern inter‐particle attraction forces and control detachment rates from stream beds and banks. Most erosion rate models are based on the excess shear stress equation where the soil erodibility coefficient (k_d) is multiplied by the difference between the boundary hydraulic shear stress (τ_b) and the soil critical shear stress (τ_c). Both k_d and τ_c are a function of soil properties and must be obtained through in situ field or laboratory testing. Many studies have generated predictive relationships for k_d and τ_c derived from various soil properties. These studies typically were conducted in watersheds within a single physiographic region with a common surficial geology and/or investigated a limited number of soil properties, particularly geochemical properties. With widely reported differences in relationships between τ_c and soil properties, this study investigated differences in predictive relationships for τ_c among different physiographic provinces in Tennessee, USA. Erodibility parameters were determined in the field using a mini‐jet test device. Among these provinces, statistically four unique clusters were identified from a dataset of 128 observations and these data clusters were used to develop predictive models for τ_c to identify dominant properties governing erosion. In these clusters, 16 significant physical and geochemical soil properties were identified for τ_c prediction. Among these soil properties, water content and passing #200 sieve (percentage soil less than 75 μm) were the dominant controlling parameters to predict τ_c in addition to clay percentage (< 2 μm), bulk density, and soil pore water chemistry. This study suggests that unique relationships exist for physiographic provinces that are likely due to soil physical‐geochemical processes associated with surficial geology that determine minerology of the cohesive soil. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GPS的人工地震测深零时仪研制

在人工地震测深野外数据观测系统中,通过人工爆破激发地震波,利用布设在测线观测点位上的地震仪采集来自地壳上地幔的地震波震相信息来进行地震成像,获得研究区地壳上地幔精细结构、深浅部构造关系和发震构造的空间展布特征,进而研究岩石圈演化和动力学过程。为进行后期地震波资料信息的精确处理,需获得人工爆破地震波激发时刻的高精度时间和地理坐标信息。设计一种基于AT89C5115微处理器的GPS同步零时仪装置,介绍其硬件结构设计和固件程序实现方法,授时精度达微秒级,具有人机交互控制和信息数据通信功能。经室内测试和野外实验,零时仪装置运行稳定可靠,能完全满足野外测深工作的需要。