鄂尔多斯盆地子北地区长6段油藏成藏条件及主控因素

分析了鄂尔多斯盆地子北地区延长组长6段油层构造特征、沉积相分布及砂体展布特征,从烃源岩、储层、盖层等方面对长6段油藏成藏条件进行了探讨,并就油藏类型、主控因素及成藏期次进行了讨论。结果表明:子北地区长6段油藏具有较好的生、储、盖配置关系,主要受沉积微相及储层物性控制;长6段油气主要储存在长61、62、63段河道砂体内,油藏类型主要为岩性圈闭;长6段油藏主控因素有主分流河道、储层物性及其非均质性、原油分布;长6段油层中,油气包裹体均一温度分布呈双峰状,主要在100℃~110℃和130℃~140℃;利用热演化史与流体包裹体均一温度法对油气成藏期次进行判断,长7段烃源岩生成的油气在早白垩世运移并大量聚集至长6段油层组,形成长6段油藏。     

岩石脆性预测在吉木萨尔凹陷致密油勘探中的应用

岩石的脆性是非常规油气藏勘探开发中需考虑的关键岩石力学参数之一。岩石脆,压裂过程中易产生缝网,从而有效改造储层,达到提高单井产量的目的。基于岩石弹性参数的归一化杨氏模量和泊松比方法,是当前广泛采用的可用于地震预测的岩石脆性评价技术,但其结果受归一化参数取值的影响较大,适用性受到影响。利用杨氏模量和泊松比的商作为脆性评价指标,并用大量岩石力学实验刻度,大大提高了岩石脆性判别的可信度。利用地震叠前弹性参数反演,开展吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油岩石脆性预测,指导水平井部署。为保证更好的储层改造效果,在水平井轨迹设计过程中不但考虑了储层物性,还充分考虑了岩石脆性。在优选的有利区钻探水平井,并实施了体积压裂,微地震监测结果显示压裂产生了缝状网,储层改造效果理想。该水平井试油获得了稳定高产工业油流。     

护桩在强风化软岩CFG桩复合地基中的应用

通过对CFG桩复合地基性能分析发现,CFG桩-筏复合地基在边桩外侧约一倍桩距的区域形成了一条塑性变形带,是导致复合地基的整体失稳的主要原因。在塑性变形带增加一排护桩,并对加桩前后复合地基的应力变化、地基沉降等特征进行对比分析,发现加桩后地基性能得到明显改变,在相同条件下,地基沉降量明显减少,地基稳定性明显提高。     

青田芝溪头鹤溪群浅变质岩系中发现动物化石

作者于1993年4月在浙江青田芝溪头鹤溪群剖面上采集了白云质大理岩标本样品，送南京地质古生物研究所进行标本浸泡处理。首次获得鱼骨、管状化石及土菱子介等海相化石，经鉴定认为其时代可能属石岩—二叠纪。本文根据以往的同位素资料、沉积环境分析和区域对比，认为这套变质岩系的原岩为二叠纪含煤沉积岩，可与福建的童子岩组中上部层位对比。     

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions,part II: weathering and biological influences on evaporative cooling and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions as an example of biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering

The way in which rocks and engineering materials heat‐up and dry‐out in the intertidal zone is of relevance to both weathering and ecology. These behaviours can be measured in the laboratory under controlled conditions designed to replicate those occurring in the field. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in thermal behaviours between rock types and through time as a result of soiling in terrestrial environments, but the influence of weathering and colonization on rock behaviours in the intertidal zone has not been previously assessed. We measured the warming and drying of blocks of rock (limestone and granite) and marine concrete during ‘low‐tide’ events simulated in the laboratory, before and after a period of exposure (eight months) on rock platforms in Cornwall, UK. As well as differences between the material types, temperatures of control (unexposed) and field‐exposed blocks differed in the order of 1 to 2 °C. Drying behaviours were also different after field exposure. Differences during the first few hours of exposure to air and heat were attributed to discolouration and albedo effects. Over longer periods of time, changes in the availability of near‐surface pore water as a result of micro‐scale bioerosion of limestone and the development of bio‐chemical crusts on marine concrete [observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] are suggested as mechanisms enhancing and reducing, respectively, the efficiency of evaporative cooling. The retention of moisture by epilithic biofilms may also influence thermal and drying behaviours of granite. These observations represent one of the first examples of cross‐scalar biogeomorphic linkages in the intertidal zone. The significance of the results for the subsequent efficiency of weathering, and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions experienced by colonizing organisms is discussed. The involvement of microorganisms in the creation of more (or less) ecologically stressful conditions through the alteration of substratum geomorphic properties and behaviours is suggested as an example of ‘biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄河中游岩土侵蚀问题及防治对策探讨

黄河中游出露地层岩性主要有古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩、石炭系和二叠系碎屑岩;中生界三叠系砂泥岩、侏罗系砂泥岩和白垩系砂泥岩;新生界古近系砂泥岩、新近系(原为第三系)红土及第四系风积黄土和现代风积沙。第四系黄土厚度大,结构松散,遇水易解体,具湿陷性,是黄河中游粗泥砂的主要物源;第四系风积沙分布于黄河中游北部,亦是黄河中游粗泥砂的主要物源。岩土侵蚀类型有五:一是风力侵蚀—风沙侵蚀;二是降雨对谷坡面的面状冲刷—坡面侵蚀;三是地表径流对谷底的侧蚀—沟谷侵蚀;四是滑塌对谷坡坡体的破坏—重力侵蚀;五是潜蚀。并对不同侵蚀类型提出了不同的防治对策。     

干热岩钻探关键技术探索

干热岩是国际公认的高效低碳清洁能源,近年来,随着国家对清洁能源勘探开发的提倡和支持,国内开展了一些干热岩勘探工作。干热岩钻探是前期获取地质资料进行资源量计算及后期开发利用的关键部分。现阶段国内在干热岩钻探工艺技术方面还没有形成体系,大多借用石油钻井行业及地质钻井行业的一些工艺技术,但干热岩钻探钻遇地层温度普遍较高,且大部分孔段均为坚硬的花岗岩地层,因此如何在高温环境下保持钻井液性能,保证其携带岩屑及维护孔壁稳定的功效,在坚硬的花岗岩层中如何提高钻进效率,实现高效钻进,钻遇破碎地层时如何维护孔壁稳定,实现护壁堵漏等问题,该文结合国内已施工的部分干热岩钻探工程,对国内干热岩钻探所采取的工艺技术进行了探索,研制了抗高温配方的钻井液,使用转盘回转+孔底动力钻具复合钻进,在钻井液中加入抗高温封堵剂,可有效提高干热岩钻探效率,以期促进干热岩钻探工艺技术的研究、应用和推广。     

澧县曾家河芒硝岩盐矿床开发浅析

本文在分析矿床内外部建设条件的基础上,根据芒硝岩盐原料市场行情,着重对矿床开发的经济社会效益进行了评价,初步评价表明:国家和企业均可获得较丰厚的利润,还可安置1400多人就业。建议进一步开展地质勘查工作。     

北秦岭晋宁期中酸性侵入岩带地球化学特征与构造环境

北秦岭侵入岩带中的中酸性侵入岩主要形成于晋宁旋回的中晚期阶段。主要岩石类型包括辉石闪长岩、闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斜长花岗岩、花岗岩和钾长花岗岩。岩石化学、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学研究证明,这些岩石主要形成于B型俯冲和碰撞造山的构造环境中,而钾长花岗岩形成于后造山的伸展阶段。据此,该侵入岩带揭示了北秦岭褶皱带在晋宁旋回中晚期阶段的演化过程。     

济南东部埠村超单元及其就位机制

分布于济南东部六山圈—大有一带的侵入岩,为燕山早期同一岩浆热事件多次侵入形成的杂岩体,依其形成顺序可划分为山张庄、西杜、大有、赵家鹊山四个单元,归并为埠村超单元。该超单元的形成与幔源基性岩浆上侵及同源岩浆分异产生的中偏基性—中性岩浆多次侵入有关,属热气球式膨胀与火山口塌陷复合就位机制。