南海神狐海域水合物一维速度结构研究： 基于中—低饱和度水合物区的约束

高精度OBS探测作为目前研究水合物的常用技术手段,可以获取水合物矿体精细速度结构,在研究天然气水合物饱和度、水合物资源的预测与开发等方面具有重要指导意义。然而正演模拟OBS速度结构是繁琐漫长的过程,构建合理的初始模型是后续精细结构快速成像的重要前提。本研究基于全球18个已探明地震波速度的水合物区,分析了水合物矿体内纵波速度的共性特征和影响因素,拟合了水合物矿体带纵波速度与海水深度、沉积物厚度的经验公式。综合经验公式、OBS数据与多道地震剖面,建立了神狐水合物区横向均匀初始模型,并通过射线追踪与走时拟合模拟了神狐海域的一维纵波速度结构。结果表明,神狐水合物矿体带具有高纵波速度(1.83~1.92 km/s）,游离气层具有低P波速度（1.60~1.70 km/s）,此外,基于全球的水合物速度经验公式对神狐海域速度结构模拟具有重要参考意义,有望为获取神狐海域二维/三维精确速度结构提供可靠的初始模型,进而指导水合物精细勘察与资源评估。     

北京平原构造断块划分及微断块第四纪活动性探讨

在对北京平原地区地质构造特征综合分析的基础上,依据近年来在活动断裂研究中遇到的问题,本文提出对北京平原区进行构造断块划分的方案。将北京平原区划分为7个"断块",即马池口—沙河、小汤山、顺义、平谷、丰台—来广营、大兴—通州及房山断块。据断块内次一级活动断裂和第四纪地层沉降发育情况,进一步可划出活动微断块,把以研究单一活动断裂重点转变为以控制微断块边界的交汇活动断裂组相互作用为中心。从而揭示出第四纪以来微断块边界交汇活动断裂组的特征、活动方式及其规律等,可为首都城市建设规划和减轻地质灾害等提供有价值的参考,为保障城市地质安全提供地质依据。     

中国的板块构造区划

20世纪60年代板块构造学说传入中国,为广大地学工作者所接受并应用于相关的地质工作中。在新一代地质志的研究中,以板块学说为主导,已经成为共识。从板块构造来认识,板块的组成包括其核心及边缘。其核心为克拉通,由稳定的陆块组成;边缘包含了不同的活动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘。边缘在后期板块汇聚的过程中,常由汇聚或碰撞等不同方式而成为不同的造山带。板块之间具有不同形式的汇聚带,其中主要是地壳对接消减带。在地球发展历史的过程中,不同时期的板块构造格局常有很大的变化。因此,本文以古生代的构造格架为主,探讨对中国大陆进行板块构造区划中的一些相关问题,并对全国的区划提出了一个初步方案。此方案将全国划分为7个I级单元(板块),30个II级单元(克拉通和造山带)以及103个III级单元。     

黄土高原黄土地层的对比及细分

将前人对黄土高原黄土地层划分的研究成果进行全面总结、分析,结合洛川、宝鸡、西峰3个经典剖面,利用土壤 地层学、沉积学、磁性地层学、古生物学、年代学、地球化学等研究方法对黄土高原的黄土地层进行详细对比以及进一步 细分。将早、中更新世界线调整为B/M极性倒转开始的对应层位——L9顶部。根据岩性和气候旋回周期的差异性等,将离 石黄土三分,S8/L9作为离石黄土内部划分的一条新界线,S1~L5划分为上离石黄土,S5~S8划分为中离石黄土,L9~L15划分为 下离石黄土。在分析过程中发现关键层位（S0,L1,S1,S5,L9,L15,L33） 的年龄具有差异性。     

滇西北大地构造单元的划分与特征

从鉴别陆块(地块)、结合带边界断裂入手,将滇西北大地构造划分为10个二级单元。根据地质体属性及重要断裂,在二级单元内划分出25个三级大地构造单元。结合西藏、滇西南部地区资料,归并为3个一级大地构造单元。二级大地构造单元自西向东为:独龙江弧盆系、丙中洛地块、莫得结合带、崇山地块、澜沧江火山弧、兰坪地块、云岭陆缘弧、金沙江结合带、香格里拉地块、甘孜-理塘弧盆系。分界断裂自西向东为:高黎贡山断裂、棒当断裂、福贡断裂、碧罗雪山断裂、吉岔断裂、德钦-雪龙山断裂、羊拉-东竹林断裂、金沙江断裂、香格里拉断裂、三江口断裂。该划分方案较为全面地反映了滇西北区域地质调查和科学研究的新进展,对前人划分方案进行了有依据的修改调整,二级、三级大地构造单元的划分尺度统一,厘定了各级大地构造单元的边界断裂。     

PROGRESSES AND PROSPECTS IN RESEARCH ON SEASON DIVISION AND SEASONAL CHANGES IN CHINA

Progresses in the research for season division and seasonal changes are reviewed systematically in this paper,which particularly introduces the results of a national natural science foundation project,"the nonlinear identification of seasonal changes and its responses to global warming".The project developed two objective and quantitative methods for season division:the non-linear similarity measure(NSM) method and the regional multi-element optimal dissection(RMOD) method,which differ from traditional ones for season division.Besides,the project further investigated seasonal changes and their responses to global warming,analyzed evolution characteristics of the starting date and length of seasons in history,revealed their relationships with extreme events and precipitation patterns in rainy seasons,and thereby built a research system for seasonal changes in China under the global warming background.Finally,the authors make an outlook on the research for season division and seasonal changes and put forward several issues associated with season and climate changes that need to be further explored.     

THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGROTOPOCLIMATIC RESOURCES IN THE WARM SECTORS OF THE THREE GORGES AREA OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

罗洪，邓先瑞ＴＨＥＶＥＲＴＩＣＡＬＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＧＲＯＴＯＰＯＣＬＩＭＡＴＩＣＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＷＡＲＭＳＥＣＴＯＲＳＯＦＴＨＥＴＨＲＥＥＧＯＲＧＥＳＡＲＥＡＯＦＴＨＥＣＨＡＮＧＪＩＡＮＧＲＩＶＥＲ￥ＤｅｎｇＸｉａｎｒｕｉ；...     

横断山区地质构造分区

位于青藏高原东南部的横断山区,是我国东部环太平洋区与西部古地中海区间的交接过渡地带,也是我国地质结构最为复杂的一个区域。作者根据1981—1985年在当地考察资料,将本区分出5条具洋壳性质的强变形构造带,2块具陆壳性质的地块,它们相间并列。文章论述了各条块的发育特征及区域演化历史。     

The spatial division of industries of the pearl river delta in the 1990s: Characteristics and trends

The article analyzed the spatial division of industries of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the 1990s, a period that witnessed the deepening of the reform and opening policies and continued rapid development of the region. By adopting the index of specialization, the extent of specialization, its change and its spatial distribution in the region are measured and demonstrated. The research revealed that, despite the trend of more balanced development of the secondary sector between the PRD and the rest of the province, in the PRD, it is the unbalanced development that dominated and the spatial division of the secondary sector has been shaped. The tertiary industry has also been experiencing unbalance development and the spatial division of the tertiary sector has been emerging, its extent of concentration appearing even more evident than that of the secondary sector. The author also discussed the linkage between the spatial division of the two sectors. In the end of the paper, the trends of the spatial division of the industries in the PRD are forecasted. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49831030). Biography: XU Yong-jian (1972 – ), female, a native of Changsha City, Ph. D.. Her research interest includes urban geography.