洛阳市暴雨时空分布特征

对洛阳市1961-2005年10个站逐日雨量资料统计分析结果表明:洛阳暴雨集中在7-9月,且7-8月单站暴雨较多。有2个暴雨多发区域中心,一个在北部的丘陵区,另一个在南部山区。年区域暴雨出现≥4次时,有准3 a的周期变化规律;≤3次时,有准5 a的周期变化规律。     

洛阳地区雷暴活动规律和雷灾分析

利用洛阳市及9县10个观测站1966-2005年的雷暴观测资料,统计分析了洛阳地区雷暴活动时空分布特征,结果显示:洛阳地区雷暴时空分布很不均匀,栾川、嵩县、孟津偏多,宜阳、新安、汝阳偏少,南北多中部少;20世纪60年代中期到70年代雷暴日数偏多,80年代至今雷暴日数偏少,但从80年代开始,洛阳地区雷暴日数有缓慢上升的趋势,年际变化幅度大,季节性特点非常明显,集中出现在4-9月,而夏季雷暴日数接近全年的80%。洛阳地区雷击人员伤亡事件主要发生在农村,造成的财产损失主要在市区,近年来雷击次数及所造成的损失呈上升趋势。     

广西佛子冲铅锌矿田矿化蚀变特征及其成矿预测

广西佛子冲铅锌矿矿田位于桂东南博白-岑溪多金属成矿带的中段。矿区围岩蚀变强烈,类型繁多,其中以矽卡岩化、硅化和帘石化与成矿关系最为密切。矿体至围岩明显有矽卡岩化-强硅化-弱硅化-石英、碳酸盐化的蚀变分带特征。作者根据赋矿岩性、矿化蚀变分布、矿体产出特征及相关物探工作,提出六塘-龙树垌和牛卫-水滴两个找矿预测区。     

高放废物地质处置库北山预选区地下水的形成和分布

本文论述北山地区不同类型地下水的形成和赋存规律。松散岩类孔隙水主要分布于沟谷和洼地，主要为潜水。沟谷潜水的形成以基岩裂隙水的侧向补给及洪流渗漏补给为主，洼地潜水可由沟谷潜水、断裂带或基岩裂隙水、古洪积扇潜水侧向补给，也可由地表洪流渗入补给；碎屑岩类孔隙-裂隙水主要分布在由自垩系或第三系砂砾石构成的山间沉积盆地中，以承压水为主，洪水下渗和盆地周围基岩裂隙水的侧向径流是此类地下水的主要补给来源；基岩裂隙水主要赋存于变质岩、岩浆岩、碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩节理、裂隙中，以潜水为主。降水垂直渗入、侧向补给或洪流渗漏补给为其主要来源。     

多孔介质中非均匀流动特性的染色示踪试验研究

通过土壤染色剂进行的4组试验,对不同介质结构条件下的水流和溶质非均匀运动规律,非均匀流动变异信息分布特征关系以及全局性非均匀流动示踪方法进行了研究。结果表明,即使在相对比较均匀的介质条件下,流动也表现出明显的非均匀特性;对数正态分布能够较好的反映水流的运动分布模式,相比水流运动,溶质的运动和分布规律明显不同,表现出更多的不确定性和变异性。     

湖南城步地区重力异常的初步研究

介绍了城步地区重力异常数据处理的几种方法,分析了重力异常及其位场转换后的特征,对重力异常进行了初步解释推断.根据重力异常特征,推断了10条断裂,圈定了兰蓉-谭家坳-照面山、黄坪、洞背和扛口等4处半隐伏岩体;结合地质地球化学综合信息,提出了4处找矿有利地段.通过半定量反演,认为:湖南省内苗儿山岩体与越城岭岩体以及五团岩体与苗儿山岩体在深部不相连.     

龙永聚煤盆地构造演化与富煤带展布的相关性分析

通过龙永聚煤盆地构造演化及富煤带赋存层段机理分析,发现聚煤盆地构造演化与富煤带展布有一定的相关性,主要表现在一定时期、一定空间、一定样式的构造与一定层段的富煤带在走向、倾向上,具有一定的相关性,即一定的富煤带产生在一定的滑覆、推覆构造及其组合中。龙永煤田西部主要产生印支期的滑覆断层,应寻找走向上的富煤带;龙永煤田东部主要产生燕山期的推覆断层,应寻找倾向上的富煤带;龙永煤田中部主要产生印支期及燕山期的组合滑脱断层,应寻找上推下留型、上滑下留型、滑褶集中型的走向、倾向的富煤带。此项研究为龙永煤田进一步寻找富煤带指明了方向,同类型的勘探区可以参考。     

锡在流体和花岗质硅酸盐熔体间分配行为的实验研究

锡的成矿与花岗岩有着密切关系。为深入了解不同的岩浆组成及流体变化对锡分配行为的影响,以不同化学组成的凝胶和不同的流体分别作为初始固液相,进行了锡在流体与花岗质熔体间的分配行为实验研究。实验温度为850℃,压力为100 MPa。结果显示,当液相为0.1 mol/L的HCl时,熔体组成的变化对锡的分配行为有着明显的影响,锡在流熔体间的分配系数DSn随熔体中碱质(Na2O K2O)含量、钠钾(Na/K)和碱铝(AlK/Al)摩尔比的增加而减小;在固相(富钾过碱质熔体)不变的前提下,DSn随流体相中HCl浓度的增加而增大,而流体相中HF及K 、Na 浓度的改变对DSn影响不大;流体Cl-浓度和酸度升高有利于锡分配进入流体相。     

New method for in situ characterization of loose material for landslide mapping purpose

The assessment of grain size distribution and plasticity of loose geological material, during in situ geological investigations, is not obvious. Visual appreciation allows an approximative quantification of the coarse granulometric fractions, but not of the fine ones. Field soils determination methods suggested until now, are visual and tactile tests leading to a very rough estimate, which is only qualitative and not very reproducible. The new proposed field test (GEOLEP method) allows a quick quantification of the fine fraction of loose material. It allows the determination of the sand fraction (fine and medium grained sands) as well as the methylene blue value of the samples. The necessary equipment to perform this test is light and compact and the time needed to analyze one sample is approximately 15 min. Thus it is also possible to carry out numerous measurements in one day. The calibrations were carried out on a selection of 13 natural samples, chosen for their representativeness of the typical alpine quaternary deposits. The results obtained with GEOLEP method are relevant compared with standardized laboratory tests; the obtained correlation indexes are of 73% for the comparison with laboratory stain test results and of 89% with a laboratory method using a similar procedure than the field test. The correlation we performed with Atterberg's limits tests shows that a rough approximation of plasticity index can also be obtained (R² = 75%). This method thus brings a new tool which should allow taking into account the lithological factor (by some quantitative and representative variables) in a reliable way for the evaluation of landslide hazards.     

Statistical features of aftershock distribution size for moderate and large earthquakes in Chinese mainland

Based on data of earthquake sequences with MS≥5.0 in Chinese mainland from 1970 to 2004,for different se-quence types and different rupture modes of the main shock,the relationship between aftershock distribution size Rand the magnitude of the main shock M0 has been studied statistically.Considering the rupture mode of the mainshock,we give the quantitative statistical relationships between R and M0 under 95%confidence level for differentsequence types.Qualitatively,lgR,the logarithm of the aftershock distribution size,is positively correlative to theM0,but the data distribution is dispersed.Viewing from different sequence types,the correlation between R and M0is very weak for isolated earthquake type(IET)sequence,R distributes in the range from 5 to 60 km;For main-shock-aftershock type(MAT),lgR is positively correlative to M0;For multiple main shock type(MMT),the core-lation between lgR and M0 is not very obvious when M0≤6.2 and R distributes in the range from 5 to 70 km,whileit shows a linear correlation when M0≥6.3.The statistical results also show that the occupational ratios of differentsequence types for strike-slip and oblique slip are almost the same.But for dip-slip(mostly are thrust mechanisms),the ratio of MAT is higher than that of IET and MMT.Comparing with previous results,it indicates that,when M0is large enough,R is mainly determined by M0 and there is almost no relationship with the rupture mode of themain shock.