地质断层三维建模的表达式方法

针对地质断层三维建模及可视化领域中现有技术存在的模拟断层局限性、插值困境等问题,本文提出了断层表达式方法建模方法。首先,以地质断层构造的形成机制为理论依据,分析构造断层表达式所需要运算对象和算子,构建表达式规则,并运用上下文无关文法对表达式规则进行形式化描述;然后,对断层原始勘探数据进行规范化,形成构建断层表达式所需要的断层二维数据表,从中提取构建断层表达式的运算对象集合和算子集合,形成断层表达式;最后,对断层表达式进行计算,形成断层地质体抽象模型,并结合相关勘探数据运用相关算法及图形库等工具进行三维地质建模及可视化。实验以包含多条断层的达连河地质体数据为基础进行实验验证,建模结果与真实地质情况符合。实验结果表明,断层表达式建模方法解决了现有技术的局限性问题,避免了对地层断裂区域的插值运算,从而解决了插值困境等问题。     

人工神经网研究的剖析与探讨

本文概述了人工神经网与生物神经网研究的关系．给出了确立人工神经网中的基本原理和模式的生物神经网的依据。分析了人工神经网在各种意义下的分类及研究的基本内容。指出了目前若干研究动向和前沿性课题。     

甘肃省灵台县地质灾害特征分析

在综合把握灵台县地质环境的基础上,进行了详细的野外地质灾害调查,查明了该地区滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、不稳定斜坡四类主要地质灾害的分布、成因及发育规律,并对典型的地质灾害成因与现状进行了具体分析。研究表明：该县地质灾害十分发育、分布较广、危害性强,严重制约着社会经济发展,威胁着人民生命财产安全。     

Managing the socio-ecology of very large rivers: Collective choice rules in IWRM narratives

Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been lauded as an integrative and participatory form of governance. However, critics claim that actual implementation remains problematic, because of deep path dependencies and the entrenched interests. This paper investigates this claim by looking at the formation of collective choice rules in integrated water resources management reforms in China’s Yellow River and the Ganges in India. The two rivers provide a natural experiment—similarity in physical scale, complexity, and integrated water resources management reforms, but highly different in social and policy contexts. Using the Q methodology and Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, we find that, despite differences in policy contexts, narratives amongst the stakeholders in the two rivers are surprisingly similar, including a continued role for a negotiated local approach, and the presence of normative incentives for collective action, underwritten by deep historical meanings of the rivers. These narratives in turn provide some explanation for the choice of collective rules in use. They suggest that a modified form of integrated water resources management, taking into account narratives and collective choice rules, is useful for the governance of very large rivers across different contexts.     

江苏新沂南部地区玻璃用石英砂矿成矿规律研究

新沂南部石英砂矿床形成时间为晚第三纪上新世开始至结束,空间上受构造控制并局限在郯庐断裂内,且郯庐断裂的升降和新构造运动决定了矿层的埋深和厚度,石英砂搬运方式是粗三段型,具分选性差的河流相沉积特征,苏胶地块长期处于抬升、隆起状态,遭受剥蚀,为石英砂提供了物质供源。     

豫冀鲁不同级序旋扭构造体系和油气富集规律

新华夏系第二沉降带华北沉降区受郯庐断裂中新生代应力方式及应力场的影响,广泛发育了不同级序旋扭构造体系,控制了不同级序复式油气聚集区带的形成分布。油气主要富集在内旋回层和撒开端,弧形断裂内侧和构造运动活跃期形成的低级序扭动构造中,对指导油气勘探开发有重要意义。      

Spacing and alignment rules for effective legend design

Legends are important for understanding maps. Legend design is a part of map design and forms an important topic of cartographic research. Most research on legend design concentrates on the development of techniques rather than the development of basic principles. This study is devoted to the latter topic. Particularly, attention is paid to the development of spacing and alignment rules for effective design of legends shown on screens (computer monitors and tablet screens). Based upon Gestalt laws and Bumstead’s rules, a set of spacing and alignment rules is developed. Experimental evaluations are conducted, and the results indicate that a legend designed with proper consideration of the spacing and alignment rules is much more effective and efficient than ordinary legends.     

构建苏北地区江水北调系统水量调配模型的设想

鉴于江苏省苏北地区江水北调系统运行现状存在的不足,通过概化调水系统,提出了研制水量调配模型应遵循的原则、计算方法和必须具备的功能,就研制中出现的几个重要问题提出了解决方法。     

数据挖掘在地质环境评测中的应用

本文通过关联规则,挖掘某个区域中化学元素对地质环境影响的变化趋势,为我们提供化学元素对地质环境影响度的预测,并根据预测结果做出管理决策,实验结果表明,该方法预测精度较高。     

考虑冻融循环的季冻区高等级公路路基填土本构模型研究

在季冻区高等级公路路基场地取土,制成重塑土试件进行冻融循环试验。而后对经历不同冻融循环次数的土体进行三轴固结排水（CD）剪切试验,测得应力、应变数据。在大量试验数据的基础上,遵循岩土本构变化规律,以岩土弹塑性力学为理论基础,在p-q空间,以椭圆方程拟合体变屈服面,以抛物线方程拟合剪切屈服面,采用塑性关联流动,得到考虑冻融循环条件下融土的弹塑性本构方程。通过编程计算后,对比计算与试验结果,证明该双屈服面本构模型能够较为准确地预估冻融循环土体的应力-应变关系,该本构模型对季冻区路基土体长期稳定性分析和工程预测具有重要参考意义。