基于感兴趣点和滴滴数据的打车需求分析

大数据具有多数据形式、大数据量、传输快捷等优势,大数据分析已逐渐影响和改变人们解决问题的思维方式。本文利用滴滴打车数据和感兴趣点分析人们的打车需求,识别出打车活跃区域。对打车需求数据进行时间划分,核密度分析得到打车聚集区域。统计了打车点附近各类型POI的个数,分析了各区域内打车需求与时间段、地理位置、工作日和周末的关系。发现早高峰(7点到9点)打车与住宅区POI相关,晚高峰(17点到19点)与商铺POI相关,夜晚(21点到2点)打车与公司POI相关,且同一地区在周末与工作日的打车活跃时间不同。     

面向数字化城市设计的三维GIS关键技术

城市设计是三维GIS应用的一个重要方向。随着BIM、CIM等概念的提出,三维GIS的发展赋予了城市设计新的含义,“以城市的形体环境为研究对象,通过对城市环境三维的空间设计,来贯彻城市规划思想,指导城市环境元素的进一步设计。”面向城市设计的三维GIS包含许多新的技术,包括能够表达城市现实和抽象空间的三维实体数据模型,面向不同尺度的多源三维数据融合,真三维空间分析与计算,以及三维交互与输出新技术。在三维GIS关键技术的基础上,建立了城市设计规则库。总结了面向数字化城市设计的三维GIS最新技术成果,以期推动城市设计的发展。     

基于面向对象与规则的Sentinel-2A影像土地覆被分类——以江西省都昌县为例

土地覆被作为地表自然和人工建造物的综合体,是开展土地科学相关研究的重要基础,在遥感大数据背景下,准确、快速、自动化进行土地覆被提取技术一直是遥感研究中的重点。本文基于eCognition软件,采用面向对象的多尺度分割法,综合考虑地物在遥感影像上的光谱、形状和纹理特征,建立多种地物提取规则。通过模糊函数、支持向量机（SVM）和阈值法对研究区的土地覆被进行分类提取,并与研究区的FROM-GLC10数据和土地利用变更数据进行了对比分析。结果表明：①研究区土地覆被分类的总体精度为97%,Kappa系数为0.96,分类精度较高;②基于10 m分辨率影像,综合使用形状、纹理、光谱信息对于道路的提取具有较好的效果,道路提取Kappa系数为0.84;③分类结果在面积和空间分布上都优于FROM-GLC10数据,与研究区实际土地变更数据保持较好的一致性。基于面向对象与规则的分类方法提取地物能够有效利用多种遥感影像特征,分类精度高,对于处理高分辨率遥感数据具有很好的优势。     

自然资源大数据快速服务平台关键技术的研究与实现

目前行业内普遍存在难以实现海量空间数据快速服务（包括快速存取、显示、检索、分发和在线服务）的难题,制约了自然资源数据的共享应用。针对上述问题,本文提出了一套"基于分布式列式数据库和Hilbert空间编码规则优化海量空间数据的存取、检索、显示效率"的解决方案,对其具体技术路线进行了详细阐述,并进一步介绍了大数据快速服务平台研发和推广情况。本文旨为满足新时代经济社会发展对海量空间信息快速服务的迫切需求。     

Whose sustainability? Top–down participation and emergent rules in marine protected area management in Indonesia

A review of a major community-based marine protected area programme (CB-MPA) in an Indonesian island archipelago is the point of departure for this article. Despite a well-designed institutional structure to facilitate local participation, local knowledge about the CB-MPA is found to be low and resource access and influence on decision-making in the programme is negligible for the majority of islanders. At the same time, most of those who know about the programme consider it as pertaining to the public authority only. These findings stand in contrast to evidence on non-formal ways of protecting and managing marine areas in the same geographical area but outside the formal MPA institutional framework. In particular, the article identifies a number of emergent rules-in-use in marine management, which operate parallel to legally established MPAs. It is argued that emergent forms of marine area protection such as non-formal self-organising island exclusion zones (IEZ) offer as yet mostly unused potentials for formal MPA development, particularly in those coastal and marine areas without traditional forms of marine and coastal management.     

Exploration Potential of Marine Source Rocks Oil-Gas Reservoirs in China

So far,more than 150 marine oil-gas fields have been found onshore and offshore about 350. The marine source rocks are mainly Paleozoic and Mesozoic onshore whereas Tertiary offshore.Three genetic categories of oil-gas reservoirs have been defined for the marine reservoirs in China:primary reservoirs,secondary reservoirs and hydrocarbon-regeneration reservoirs.And three exploration prospects have also been suggested:(1)Primary reservoirs prospects,which are chiefly distributed in many Tertiary basins of the South China Sea(SCS),the Tertiary shelf basins of the East China Sea (ECS)and the Paleozoic of Tarim basin,Sichuan basin and Ordos basin.To explore large-middle-scale even giant oil-gas fields should chiefly be considered in this category reservoirs.These basins are the most hopeful areas to explore marine oil-gas fields in China,among which especially many Tertiary basins of the SCS should be strengthened to explore.(2)Secondary reservoirs prospects,which are mainly distributed in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic of the Tarim basin,Sichuan basin,Qiangtang basin and Chuxiong basin in western China,of which exploration potential is less than that of the primary reservoirs.(3)Hydrocarbon-regeneration reservoirs prospects,which are chiefly distributed in the Bohai Bay basin,North Jiangsu-South Yellow Sea basin,southern North China basin,Jianghan basin, South Poyang basin in eastern China and the Tarim basin in western China,of which source rocks are generally the Paleozoic.And the reservoirs formed by late-stage(always Cenozoic)secondary hydrocarbon generation of the Paleozoic source rocks should mainly be considered to explore,among which middle-small and small oil-gas fields are the chief exploration targets.As a result of higher thermal evolution of Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rocks,the marine reservoirs onshore are mainly gas fields,and so far marine oil fields have only been found in the Tarim basin.No other than establishing corresponding marine oil-gas exploration and development strategy and policy, sufficiently enhancing cognition to the particularity and complexity of China's marine petroleum geology,and applying new thoughts,new theories and new technologies,at the same time tackling some key technologies,it is possible to fast and effectually exploit and utilize the potential huge marine oil-gas resources of China.     

面向对象的高光谱影像目标识别方法

将面向对象影像分析和决策树方法综合应用于高光谱遥感影像的目标提取,在分析待提取地物特征的基础上,总结归纳其特性知识,构建分类规则,设计和实现决策树以完成目标识别。该方法充分应用分割所得到的均质对象的位置、形状、纹理等特征实现了决策规则提取和决策树构建,在应用OMIS和PHI影像进行目标识别的实践中取得了很好的效果。     

基于区划变更的自动编码研究

分析了自动编码技术在GIS和信息共享中的研究现状和应用需求,指出在GIS开发和信息共享中编码自动化和编码动态化是最迫切需要解决的两个问题。根据以上的分析,提出基于区划变更的自动编码体系架构,并以点状要素编码为例做了初步实现,具体介绍了系统中规则定制、编码生成、编码升级三个核心功能的实现。     

Methods for ultimate limit state assessment of ships and ship-shaped offshore structures: Part II stiffened panels

The present paper is Part II of a series of three papers on methods useful for the ultimate limit state assessment of ships and ship-shaped offshore structures. In contrast to Part I [Paik et al., 2007a. Methods for ultimate limit state assessment of ships and ship-shaped offshore structures: Part I unstiffened plates, Ocean Engineering, doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2007.08.004] that deals with unstiffened plates, the present paper (Part II) is focused on methods for the ultimate limit state assessment of stiffened plate structures under combined biaxial compression and lateral pressure actions. The object structure is the bottom part of an AFRAMAX-class hypothetical double-hull oil tanker structure designed by IACS common structural rules (CSR) method, that is the same ship studied in Part I. Three candidate methods, namely ANSYS nonlinear finite element method, DNV PULS method, and ALPS/ULSAP method, are employed for the present study. The results and insights developed from the present study are summarized in terms of ultimate strength characteristics of bottom-stiffened plate structures.     

空间数据服务效率优化策略

分析了空间数据服务的特点和现状,探讨了提高数据传输效率的技术途径、提出了基于Grid FTP集群的空间数据服务效率优化策略,设计了基于动态数据分块和服务性能加权的负载均衡算法并开展了相关实验.实验结果表明、提出的优化策略是可行、有效的,能够显著的改善大数据量空间数据集的传输效率.