Automatic analysis of positional plausibility for points of interest in OpenStreetMap using coexistence patterns

In the past decade, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) has emerged as a new source of geographic information, making it a cheap and universal competitor to existing authoritative data sources. The growing popularity of VGI platforms, such as OpenStreetMap (OSM), would trigger malicious activities such as vandalism or spam. Similarly, wrong entries by unexperienced contributors adds to the complexities and directly impact the reliability of such databases. While there are some existing methods and tools for monitoring OSM data quality, there is still a lack of advanced mechanisms for automatic validation. This paper presents a new recommender tool which evaluates the positional plausibility of incoming POI registrations in OSM by generating near real-time validation scores. Similar to machine learning techniques, the tool discovers, stores and reapplies binary distance-based coexistence patterns between one specific POI and its surrounding objects. To clarify the idea, basic concepts about analysing coexistence patterns including design methodology and algorithms are covered in this context. Furthermore, the results of two case studies are presented to demonstrate the analytical power and reliability of the proposed technique. The encouraging results of this new recommendation tool elevates the need for developing reliable quality assurance systems in OSM and other VGI projects.     

黑河流域水循环演化与可持续利用对策

通过环境同位素研究和指数加权量化分析表明,黑河流域水循环演化主要受区域气候变化和人类活动影响,中游区人类活动对黑河径流水文过程变异影响强度达85％,以至成为下游区湖泊干涸、地下水位持续下降和生态环境退化的重要因素,由此提出如下论点：实现黑河流域水资源可持续利用和下游区生态环境有效保护、关键是规范中游区人类用水,使其符合黑河流域水循环自然规律,并建议正确处理兴修水利工程与地下水涵养的关系,着眼于整个黑河流域生活、生态和生产可持续发展的总目标,强化生态需水优先的可持续发展理念,充分发挥地下调蓄和地表—地丁水联合优化配置功能。     

空间数据挖掘技术

近年来,伴随着空间信息获取技术的快速发展,不同类型的空间数据库以及数据库中的数据量正在不断增长,如何从这些海量数据中提取出隐含的信息和知识已成为人们研究的热点。空间数据挖掘就是为了解决这一科学问题而提出的。该文在回顾已有空间数据挖掘规则的基础上。指出了空间数据挖掘过程中存在的主要问题,进而探讨了未来空间数据挖掘的主要研究方向。     

对“钒钛磁铁矿石分析规程”的若干建议

对地矿行业“钒钛磁铁矿石分析规程”存在的问题,提出了几点建议。     

基于知识规则的遥感影像土地利用分类研究

以重庆北碚主城区为研究区域,提出一种基于遥感影像的光谱特征、灰度共生矩阵纹理特征和形状特征建立知识规则的方法,对该研究区进行土地利用分类。对QuickBird卫星影像进行分辨率融合,重点分析典型地物的光谱特征和纹理特征,并根据形状特征建立形状指数,综合上述知识建立提取规则对地物进行自动分类。分类结果表明,该方法能够消除单纯利用光谱信息分类的不足,有效解决地物混分现象,达到了较高的分类精度。     

山东省栖霞市泥石流灾害的成生环境及危险性趋势分区评价

栖霞市是地质灾害多发区，主要地质灾害有泥石流、崩塌和滑坡，尤其是泥石流灾害频发，其形成主要受自然地理环境、地质条件和人类经济活动影响。因而在地质灾害调查成果基础上危险性趋势进行了分区评价，确定了泥石流灾，将泥石流的发育频度、面积密度和规模进行了分级，采用袭扰系数法对区内泥石流灾害的害的高危区、中危区和低危区，为泥石流灾害防治提供了科学依据。     

顾及栅格空间拓扑关系的地表覆盖时空目标不一致性探测方法

地表覆盖与更新是地理国情监测、环境变化评估、生态系统保护等不可或缺的基础地理信息。遥感制图技术已成为地表覆盖信息提取的重要手段,但因地物光谱、纹理及时相等特征复杂性,地表覆盖更新数据往往存在错分、漏分,从而导致地表覆盖时空目标不一致。现有地表覆盖更新数据不一致性探测主要以人工检查为主、部分自动化为辅的方式,生产实践中需要大量的作业人员与时间,缺乏行之有效的不一致性自动化探测工具。本文研究分析了栅格地表覆盖更新数据不一致性检查面临的挑战,提出了基于复合逻辑量词的栅格空间拓扑关系计算方法、基于置信区间的更新期地表覆盖错分目标初判规则构建,以及利用空间约束多重匹配的更新期错分目标后验判断,形成了“关系-规则-判断”的地表覆盖时空目标不一致性探测体系。试验以山东临朐、垦利GlobeLand30数据为研究对象,经与统计一致性检核方法对比分析、参照真实地表影像数据,实现了地表覆盖时空目标不一致性探测与有效性检验,验证了探测方法可行性。     

石家庄市水环境中微量有机物的污染规律研究

利用色谱 -质谱联机分析技术 ,结合现场调查 ,研究了石家庄市地表水环境中微量有机物的污染分布规律 ,可为城市水源保护提供科学依据     

地质断层三维建模的表达式方法

针对地质断层三维建模及可视化领域中现有技术存在的模拟断层局限性、插值困境等问题,本文提出了断层表达式方法建模方法。首先,以地质断层构造的形成机制为理论依据,分析构造断层表达式所需要运算对象和算子,构建表达式规则,并运用上下文无关文法对表达式规则进行形式化描述;然后,对断层原始勘探数据进行规范化,形成构建断层表达式所需要的断层二维数据表,从中提取构建断层表达式的运算对象集合和算子集合,形成断层表达式;最后,对断层表达式进行计算,形成断层地质体抽象模型,并结合相关勘探数据运用相关算法及图形库等工具进行三维地质建模及可视化。实验以包含多条断层的达连河地质体数据为基础进行实验验证,建模结果与真实地质情况符合。实验结果表明,断层表达式建模方法解决了现有技术的局限性问题,避免了对地层断裂区域的插值运算,从而解决了插值困境等问题。     

A diversified multiobjective GA for optimizing reservoir rule curves

The paper develops an efficient macro-evolutionary multiobjective genetic algorithm (MMGA) for optimizing the rule curves of a multi-purpose reservoir system in Taiwan. Macro-evolution is a new kind of high-level species evolution that can avoid premature convergence that may arise during the selection process of conventional GAs. MMGA enriches the capabilities of GA to handle multiobjective problems by diversifying the solution set. Simulation results using a benchmark test problem indicate that the proposed MMGA yields better-spread solutions and converges closer to the true Pareto frontier than the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). When applied to a real case study, MMGA is able to generate uniformly spread solutions for a two-objective problem involving water supply and hydropower generation. Results of this work indicate that the proposed MMGA is highly competitive and provides a viable alternative to solve multiobjective optimization problems for water resources planning and management.