任意各向异性介质三维非结构谱元法直流电阻率正演模拟研究

各向异性是地电异常解释中不可忽视的因素,广泛存在于裂隙或层理发育的地质环境中.本文针对任意各向异性条件下直流电阻率法三维正演问题进行研究,结合非结构谱元法建立模拟算法,充分利用谱方法的指数收敛性以及非结构有限元对地形和复杂异常体刻画能力,提高计算精度和效率.通过灵活的四面体网格剖分和高阶谱插值,实现了复杂介质任意各向异性模型电阻率响应的高精度数值模拟.我们首先通过层状各向异性模型验证本文非结构谱元法的计算精度,进而我们以半空间中立方体模型为例分析各向异性对电阻率响应的影响特征,并通过计算针对不同各向异性参数的视电阻率极性图,探究地下介质各向异性特征识别方法.最后,我们针对典型的山脊模型计算和分析存在地形效应条件下各向异性电流场分布及视电阻率特征.模型计算结果表明基于四面体网格的谱元法模拟带有复杂地形和异常体的任意各向异性模型具有很高的计算精度.本文的研究成果将在推进电阻率方法用于解决裂隙及层理等环境和工程地质问题中发挥积极作用.

     

基于移动Agent的分布式地理信息查询

提出了基于移动Agent的分布式地理信息查询的新思路,给出了构建基于移动Agent的分布式地理信息查询系统的方法,并利用移动Agent开发平台Aglets开发了一个分布式地理信息查询原型系统,实现了分布式地理信息的透明访问。     

盆地地热场模拟在地热资源勘探中的应用

地热资源是一种新型无污染能源,具有极高的开采价值,已经受到世界各国的关注.盆地因其特殊的地质条件,内部往往蕴涵着丰富的地热资源,且具有易开采、利用的特点.但目前地热资源勘探的手段和研究方法单一,制约着地热资源的开采与开发.而盆地地热场模拟技术已经较为成熟,并在油气成藏模拟中广泛应用.我们可以在已有的技术手段下结合盆地地热模拟技术来提高勘探的精度.本文还探讨了以地温控制方程与地下热水水流方程相结合来建立模型,模拟盆地地热资源.     

二维横向各向同性介质中人为边界反射的吸收——差分法弹性波场模拟

本文对有限差分法弹性波场三分量正演模拟中遇到的人为边界反射问题进行了研究,分别获得2-D横向各向同性介质中U_x,U_z,与U_y位移分量模拟时的边界吸收条件.从吸收边界上反射系数与入射角之间的关系可以说明,本文提出的边界吸收条件的吸收能力比较强.     

计算机网络的分布式计算环境及分布式处理

本文对网络计算模式、分布式计算环境以及分布式处理机能作了分析和探讨。     

分布式遥感图像处理中的若干关键技术

分析和探讨了分布式遥感图像处理中的主要研究问题和若干关键技术,包括分布式处理模型、支撑环境、网络环境下的遥感数据存储管理、分布式并行处理中数据划分、功能分解以及负载平衡与任务分配等。     

Internet GIS空间数据通讯的部件化构造方法

在分析分布式地理信息特征的基础上,提出了满足分布式地理信息获取与处理的Internt GIS的要求。针对Internet GIS的浏览器/多服务器体系,结合部件化概念,定义了测览器端与多服务器端数据请求与获取部件的数据结构,解决了分布式地理信息查询的问题。最后用一个应用系统实例加以说明。     

煤炭绿色开发地质保障体系的构建

为推进瓦斯抽采钻孔精准智能化发展水平,基于分布式光纤监测和布里渊光学时域分析技术(BOTDA),以山西某矿为工程背景,开展了不同粒径配比下的钻孔堵孔模拟实验;构建了试验矿井堵孔率计算数学模型,揭示了钻孔变形塌孔发育规律,提出了适用于试验矿井的瓦斯抽采钻孔精准监测现场实施技术工艺,并通过现场试验对技术工艺的可行性和准确性进行了验证。结果表明：(1)光纤耦合体应变、模拟煤样堆积质量与钻孔变形塌孔间具有线性关系,随质量增加应变变化趋势相近,呈“陡−缓−陡”三阶段变化。通过分段拟合构建了适用于试验矿井的钻孔堵孔率计算数学模型。(2)通过误差分析,发现随着应变增加最大绝对误差先变大后变小再变大,中期最大绝对误差为19.48 %,后期完全堵孔状态下的质量极值越接近不同配比煤样的平均质量极值误差越小。(3)基于上述数学模型解算,揭示了模拟堵孔过程中煤块首先在钻孔底部呈“凸”状堆积,随后滑向两侧,最后又在顶部聚集的塌孔演化规律,以应变值0、45.95×10⁻⁶、72.19×10⁻⁶为临界值区分塌孔前、中、后期,构建了适用于试验矿井的瓦斯抽采钻孔精准监测技术。通过现场应变监测结果分析,发现在孔周应力、扰动等因素作用下,失稳孔段孔周裂隙更易发育,塌孔程度随时间加剧。结合钻孔沿程堵孔率计算结果,对钻孔沿程变形塌孔情况进行了判断,对比钻孔窥视图可得,该精准监测技术判断结果基本符合实际观测情况。提出的以分布式光纤耦合体和BOTDA技术为基础的钻孔精准监测技术工艺可行、可靠,可为推进瓦斯抽采钻孔精准智能化发展水平提供参考。

     

A constitutive model for coal-fouled ballast capturing the effects of particle degradation

Rail tracks undergo degradation owing to particle breakage and fouling of ballast by various fines including coal and subgrade soil. As the ballast becomes fouled, its strength and drainage capacity are compromised, sometimes resulting in differential settlement and reduced track stability. This paper demonstrates a continuum mechanics based framework to evaluate the detrimental effect of fines on the strength, deformation and degradation of coal-fouled ballast under monotonic loading. An elastoplastic constitutive model that considers the effect of fines content and energy consumption associated with particle breakage during shearing is presented. This multiphase constitutive model is developed within a critical state framework based on a kinematic-type yield locus and a modified stress-dilatancy approach. A general formulation for the rate of ballast breakage and coal particle breakage during triaxial shearing is presented and incorporated into the plastic flow rule to accurately predict the stress–strain response of coal-fouled ballast at various confining pressures. The behaviour of ballast at various levels of fouling is analysed and validated by experimental data.     

Assimilating snow observations to snow interception process simulations

Snow interception is a crucial hydrological process in cold regions needleleaf forests, but is rarely measured directly. Indirect estimates of snow interception can be made by measuring the difference in the increase in snow accumulation between the forest floor and a nearby clearing over the course of a storm. Pairs of automatic weather stations with acoustic snow depth sensors provide an opportunity to estimate this, if snow density can be estimated reliably. Three approaches for estimating fresh snow density were investigated: weighted post-storm density increments from the physically based Snobal model, fresh snow density estimated empirically from air temperature (Hedstrom, N. R., et al. [1998]. Hydrological Processes, 12, 1611–1625), and fresh snow density estimated empirically from air temperature and wind speed (Jordan, R. E., et al. [1999]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 7785–7806). Automated snow depth observations from adjacent forest and clearing sites and estimated snow densities were used to determine snowstorm snow interception in a subalpine forest in the Canadian Rockies, Alberta, Canada. Then the estimated snow interception and measured interception information from a weighed, suspended tree and a time-lapse camera were assimilated into a model, which was created using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM), using Ensemble Kalman Filter or a simple rule-based direct insertion method. Interception determined using density estimates from the Hedstrom-Pomeroy fresh snow density equation agreed best with observations. Assimilating snow interception information from automatic snow depth measurements improved modelled snow interception timing by 7% and magnitude by 13%, compared to an open loop simulation driven by a numerical weather model; its accuracy was close to that simulated using locally observed meteorological data. Assimilation of tree-measured snow interception improved the snow interception simulation timing and magnitude by 18 and 19%, respectively. Time-lapse camera snow interception information assimilation improved the snow interception simulation timing by 32% and magnitude by 7%. The benefits of assimilation were greatly influenced by assimilation frequency and quality of the forcing data.