Soluble organic compounds in fog and cloud droplets: what have we learned over the past few years?

We have recently set up a new procedure for characterising the water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in fog water, for which information is still rather limited. Fog samples collected during the 1998–1999 fall–winter season in the Po Valley (Italy) were analysed following this procedure, which allows a quantitative determination of three main classes of organic compounds (neutral species, mono- and di-carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids), together accounting for ca. 85% of the total WSOC. This procedure also provides information on the main chemical characteristics of these three classes of compounds (functional groups, aliphatic vs. aromatic character, etc.). The enhanced chemical knowledge on fog/cloud chemical composition opens new scenarios as far as chemical and microphysical processes in clouds and fogs are concerned.     

金矿床中的有机质及其有机成矿作用

金矿床中的有机质及其有机成矿作用胡凯（南京大学地球科学系,南京２１００９３）关键词金矿床有机质有机成矿作用金矿床中有机质的存在及对有机成矿作用的认识早在本世纪初就引起了许多地球化学家的广泛兴趣。Ｆｒｅｉｓｅ［１］和Ｆｅｔｚｅｒ［２］利用从褐煤和富含有...     

The variation of sediments organic carbon content in Chongming east tidal flat during Scirpus mariqueter growing stage

The investigations on the organic carbon (OC) of core sediments were carried out in Chongming east tidal flat (CM) during Scirpus mariqueter growing stage (from April to December 2004) in Yangtze Estuary. The Yangtze River annually transports a runoff discharge of 30,000 m3/s, carrying about 480 million tons of sediments to the estuarine and coastal area, which formed a great OC pool. In the sampling spots, seven quadrats of 50 cm × 50 cm and five sediments cores of 20 cm deep (40 cm deep in December) were randomly established in order to collect vegetations and core sediments samples during the low tide each month except November. After pretreatment, the core sediments were sieved and their OC contents were measured according to the potassium dichromate method. The results show that the higher surface sediment OC content in summer comes from allochthonous terrigenous particle settlements on the Chongming east middle tidal flat S. mariqueter zone. In autumn and winter, the decomposing of the defoliated S. mariqueter increases the surface sediments OC content. Settling velocity, sediment temperature and S. mariqueter growth are the main factors that can control the sediment carbon content. Summer is the "carbon losing" period of the tidal flat sediments, while from September, it changes into the "carbon accumulating" period of sediment OC pool because of the decomposing of dead S. mariqueter community in the sediments. From this alternation of "carbon losing" period and "carbon accumulating" period, we conclude that carbon in the OC pool of the middle tidal flat S. mariqueter zone sediments mainly comes from the atmospheric carbon rooted by S. mariqueter photosynthesis.     

硫铝酸盐水泥浆性能调节方案

讨论了水灰比、抖浆水温和有机处理剂对硫铝酸盐水泥浆性能的影响，提出了该水泥浆性能的调节方法。     

Local remineralization patterns in the mesopelagic zone of the Eastern North Atlantic, off the NW Iberian Peninsula

The short-time-scale variability of the remineralization patterns in the domain of Eastern North Atlantic Central Waters (ENACW) off the NW Iberian Peninsula is studied based on biogeochemical data (oxygen, nutrient salts, total alkalinity, pH, dissolved organic matter and fluorescence of dissolved humic substances) collected weekly between May 2001 and April 2002. The temporal variability of inorganic variables points to an intensification of remineralization during the summer and autumn, with an increase of nutrients, total inorganic carbon and fluorescence and a decrease of oxygen. During the subsequent winter mixing, there is a biogeochemical reset of the system, with lower nutrients, total inorganic carbon and fluorescence and higher oxygen. In contrast to inorganic variables, the levels of dissolved organic matter in the ENACW seem to respond to short-term events probably associated with fast sinking particles, where solubilisation of organic matter prevails over remineralization. Applying a previously published stoichiometric model, we observed a vertical fractionation of organic-matter remineralization. Although there is a preferential remineralization of proteins and P compounds in the entire domain of ENACW, the percentage was higher in the upper ENACW (σ<27.10 kg/m³) than in the lower; the percentage of N and P compounds in the oxidised organic matter was >80% for the upper ENACW and 63% for the lower. Likewise, the redissolution of calcareous structures contributes about 6% and 13% to the carbon regenerated in the upper and lower layers of ENACW, respectively.     

红外,紫外及荧光分析在有机包裹体研究中的应用

本文利用红外，紫外及荧光分析方法，对岩石中吸附有机质和包裹体有机质进行了分析研究，红外分析结果表明，生油岩中的包裹体有机质有明显的石油峰，并且与吸附有机质的峰形有较大差别，紫外分析结果也表明，生油岩中两种有机质的光谱性质不一致，而非生油岩则相反，生油岩荧光光谱特征为：荧光强度大（〉４０），λｍａｘ在４５０ｎｍ左右，光谱位于蓝绿光区，演化程度属高成熟原油阶段，这些可作为评价生油潜力，演化程度的方法及     

有机酸对高岭石形成影响的模拟试验研究

利用富里酸、胡敏酸和盐酸与天然矿物－长石、蒙脱石和云母在常温常压下进行反应,探讨矿物溶解及高岭石形成机理。实验表明富里酸对这些矿物具有较大的溶解能力,其原因是由于形成了具有较大溶解度和活动性的有机硅和有机铝复合体。在中性－碱性条件下有利于有机硅复合体的形成,酸性条件下有利于有机铝复合体的形成。在富里酸作用下,蒙脱石和云母分别在４个月和８个月有少量转化成高岭石,说明层状硅酸盐矿物比架状硅酸盐矿物更易     

珠江口盆地东沙隆起生物礁地质及地震特征

东沙隆起珠江组生物礁是珠江口盆地重要的储层类型,礁灰岩主要为珊瑚藻灰岩,分为骨架岩、粘结岩及障积岩。研究区生物礁发育于开阔台地、台地边缘及台地前缘斜坡3类沉积相中,生物礁类型可分为台内点礁、台地边缘堡礁及台缘斜坡塔礁,以台地边缘堡礁为主。珠江组沉积早期,东沙隆起发育滨岸砂质沉积;中期海水逐渐淹没东沙隆起,形成镶边浅水碳酸盐台地,发育生物礁;晚期海侵台地逐渐淹没消亡,被浅海陆棚泥质沉积代替。流花台地厚度最大,最厚达563m,台地顶面地震强反射使外形轮廓清晰,台地内部中-弱振幅至空白反射,连续性降低;惠州台地厚度较流花台地薄,厚度多大于100m,顶界面强反射轮廓清晰,内部层状反射能量强-中振幅、高-中连续、中-低频,局部空白反射;陆丰台地厚约30m,只有一个高连续的强振幅。生物礁地震响应以丘形、箱型、低丘-透镜状为特征,礁顶常为强振幅,内部为波状、有时见前积结构,翼部可见上超和披覆现象等。     

Galactic Sun's motion in the cold dark matter,MOdified Newtonian Dynamics and modified gravity scenarios

We numerically integrate the equations of motion of the Sun in Galactocentric Cartesian rectangular coordinates for –4.5 Gyr ≤ t ≤ 0 in Newtonian mechanics with two different models for the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) halo, in MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and in MOdified Gravity (MOG) without resorting to CDM. The initial conditions used come from the latest kinematical determination of the 3D Sun's motion in the Milky Way (MW) by assuming for the rotation speed of the Local Standard of Rest (LSR) the recent value Θ₀ = 268 km s^–1 and the IAU recommended value Θ₀ = 220 km s^–1; the Sun is assumed located at 8.5 kpc from the Galactic Center (GC). For Θ₀ = 268 km s^–1 the birth of the Sun, 4.5 Gyr ago, would have occurred at large Galactocentric distances (12–27 kpc depending on the model used), while for Θ₀ = 220 km s^–1 it would have occurred at about 8.8–9.3 kpc for almost all the models used. The integrated trajectories are far from being circular, especially for Θ₀ = 268 km s^–1, and differ each other with the CDM models yielding the widest spatial extensions for the Sun's orbital path (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区三叠系延长组长7段富有机质页岩岩相特征

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组发育富有机质页岩和泥岩,目前已成为鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油气勘探的重要层位。综合岩心精细描述、薄片微观结构观察和粒度分析结果,将富有机质页岩和泥岩划分为黑色页岩岩相、纹层状泥岩岩相、粉砂质泥岩岩相。粉砂质泥岩岩相的脆性矿物含量高于黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相,后者比前者具有更高的黄铁矿含量,3种岩相的黏土矿物含量较接近。黑色页岩岩相有机质丰度高,有机质类型以I型干酪根为主,是最有利的富有机质岩相类型,其次为纹层状泥岩岩相。长7油层组沉积时期水体为分层的厌氧环境,有利于有机质的保存,低等水生生物是主要的母质来源。黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相形成于安静、缺少陆源碎屑影响的深湖环境下;粉砂质泥岩岩相形成于受陆源碎屑频繁影响的环境,有较多的陆源高等物质输入湖盆中,造成有机质类型复杂。将岩心精细描述和测井信息紧密结合,揭示了各类岩相纵向发育特征。受基准面变化和沉积物供给能力影响,长73以黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相为主,长72和长71以纹层状泥岩岩相和粉砂质泥岩岩相为主。长73暗色泥岩和页岩的岩相类型好,发育页理缝和纹层缝,有机质类型好、丰度高,是最有利的页岩油气勘探目的层系。