应急抢险临时用房雷电防护

在应急抢险救援中,临时用房的防雷安全一直为世人所关注。通过对临时用房特点阐述,分析了GB50057-1994的局限性,并采用IEC62305推荐方法对临时用房安装防雷装置进行判定分析。结果表明:GB50057-1994对建筑物防雷装置安装的判定指标不适用于临时用房,IEC62305推荐方法适用于临时用房安装防雷装置的判定;临时用房是否安装防雷装置与临时用房的大小尺寸和雷电日参数相关,在此基础上获得了临时用房雷电灾害风险值与其面积和周长、雷电日的关系式,为快速判定是否安装防雷装置提供理论依据。     

Lateral stability analysis of wedged geomembrane tubes using PFC2D

The geomembrane tubes have been widely used for flood barriers, cofferdams, and breakwaters. To prevent the geomembrane tubes from rolling off or slipping along the ground, the simplest method is to place wedges on their downstream side. The numerical analyses using PFC^2D are conducted in this paper to investigate the performance of the geomembrane tubes supported by two types of wedges, named as triangle and fillet wedges. Comparing to the triangle wedge, the fillet wedge reduces 10% of force concentration at the contact point between the geomembrane tube and the top angle. Nondimensional parameters are adopted in the numerical analyses to make the conclusions suitable for the general cases. It is found from the studies that the optimum wedge height to support the geomembrane tubes is 0.12L without depending on the initial pumping pressure nor the wedge types. The initial filling pumping pressure p₀ of 0.162γ_wL and the wedge height h_g of 0.15L are suggested to design the system which could extremely sustain external water level of 0.316L.     

坐底式平台沉浮稳性研究与计算

坐底式平台的沉浮稳性与它的作业性能密切相关。随着平台作业水深的不断加大,现有平台的沉浮稳性为操作者、设计者及船检部门所重视。文中分析了现有规范对沉浮稳性的衡准,介绍了计算沉浮稳性的程序框图及计算实例。对提高沉浮作业工况的安全性,给出了一些建议,供平台设计和操作者参考。     

双碳背景下地下工程永临结构一体化技术实践

永临结构一体化就是在设计施工过程中,将临时降止水结构和临时支护结构同永久结构结合起来一体化设计和一体化施工,以最大程度地发挥临时结构的作用,或者最大程度地减少临时结构的浪费。作者首次提出了地下工程永临结构一体化的建造理念,并结合作者近年来所做的科研工作,系统梳理了国内在永临结构一体化方面所做的科学尝试和技术实践,提出在双碳背景下应该大力倡导地下工程永临结构一体化,以减少材料浪费,降低对周边环境的影响,加快施工速度。     

甲壳胺人工皮临床应用初步观察

使用甲壳胺人工皮复盖Ⅱ°烧伤新鲜创面,深Ⅱ°及Ⅲ°削切痂创面,供皮区创面共20例、25个创面,发现有减少创面渗出,减少疼痛,减少换药次数,节省敷料,防止加深,比传统方法提前2～3d(天)治愈的优点.     

Australian Immigration Policy in Practice: a case study of skill recognition and qualification transferability amongst Irish 457 visa holders

ABSTRACT

Immigration quotas in Australia are guided primarily by economic policy—the needs of the nation are quite rightly the principal concern of policymakers. Using data from a mixed-methods study, this article engages in a dialogue between labour geography and population and migration studies through an examination of the lived experiences of migrating workers and their families. The paper examines a number of cases where policy and practice have detrimentally affected the migration experience of Irish migrants who came to Australia under the Temporary Work (Skilled) (subclass 457) visa. The case study focuses on interviews with secondary 457 visa applicants, namely the wives of former 457 workers. These interviews highlight the problems faced by newcomers to Australia who arrive under this visa. The experiences relayed by these women demonstrate how ill-considered policy relating to qualification transferability makes entering the workplace and, therefore, transition to life in Australia more difficult than it needs to be. While the cases that underpin this paper ended in migration failure (the families involved returned to Ireland), the core issues of qualification transferability and skill comparison were replicated in the wider study dataset (of 1022 survey responses and 80 qualitative interviews). While acknowledging that citizens generally have more freedom and more civil rights than non-citizens, the findings of this study indicate that further review of Australia’s 457 visa is needed, particularly with respect to the limitations placed on the agency of migrant workers. Greater awareness amongst prospective migrants as to the purpose and limits of the 457 visa is also necessary, in order to avoid misinterpretation and the extreme personal repercussions outlined in this paper.     

Headwater stream length dynamics across four physiographic provinces of the Appalachian Highlands

Understanding patterns of expansion, contraction, and disconnection of headwater stream length in diverse settings is invaluable for the effective management of water resources as well as for informing research in the hydrology, ecology, and biogeochemistry of temporary streams. More accurate mapping of the stream network and quantitative measures of flow duration in the vast headwater regions facilitate implementation of water quality regulation and other policies to protect waterways. We determined the length and connectivity of the wet stream and geomorphic channel network in 3 forested catchments (<75 ha) in each of 4 physiographic provinces of the Appalachian Highlands: the New England, Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge, and Blue Ridge. We mapped wet stream length 7 times at each catchment to characterize flow conditions between exceedance probabilities of <5% and >90% of the mean daily discharge. Stream network dynamics reflected geologic controls at both regional and local scales. Wet stream length was most variable at two Valley and Ridge catchments on a shale scarp slope and changed the least in the Blue Ridge. The density and source area of flow origins differed between the crystalline and sedimentary physiographic provinces, as the Appalachian Plateau and Valley and Ridge had fewer origins with much larger contributing areas than New England and the Blue Ridge. However, the length and surface connectivity of the wet stream depended on local lithology, geologic structure, and the distribution of surficial deposits such as boulders, glacially derived material, and colluival debris or sediment valley fills. Several proxies indicate the magnitude of stream length dynamics, including bankfull channel width, network connectivity, the base flow index, and the ratio of geomorphic channel to wet stream length. Consideration of geologic characteristics at multiple spatial scales is imperative for future investigations of flow intermittency in headwaters.     

论地理学面临的挑战与发展

地理科学研究地球表层系统特定时空层次下的系统有序度和变化。其发展正面临着几大挑战:①地球表层系统的复杂性难以精确定量描述;②人地关系变化速度超过人类认识与预警能力;③地球表层系统的模糊性与科学价值精确性存在矛盾;④地理学与其它学科的竞争剧烈;21世纪地理学研究主要趋势:①地理学研究人文化;②界面研究将成为自然地理研究热点;③全球研究是地理学重大题材;④地理学研究生态化;⑤山地研究将成为地理学重大领域;为着地理学的顺利发展,建议:①造就地理学思想家和战略家;②进行地理学方法论的集成和创新;③寻找适合各时代认识水平的定量化方法;④重点突出与人类命运攸关的重大课题,创立有震撼性、权威性的理论和成果。     

贵屿电子废弃物拆解地及周边地区表层土壤中多溴联苯醚的分布趋势

自2005年以来对电子垃圾拆解地广东贵屿地区多溴联苯醚( PBDEs)污染状况的研究主要集中在垃圾场源区,已不能代表PBDEs对其周边大范围地区的污染现状.为了评价贵屿镇及周边大范围不同土地利用类型的PBDEs污染情况,本文采用网格采样、索氏抽提、复合硅胶/氧化铝层析柱分离纯化、气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了贵屿拆解场地及其周边72 km2地区表层土壤中8种PBDEs的含量及分布特征.结果显示,与2005年文献数据对比,贵屿镇水库周边土壤的PBDEs污染并无缓解趋势且仍在持续,水稻田土壤中污染有所降低;所有化合物中以十溴联苯醚( BDE 209)占主导,主要分布在贵屿镇及附近的电子垃圾拆解区,含量范围为0.4 ～ 720.9 ng/g(干重),是除BDE 209之外的7种化合物总量(变幅为nd～ 83 ng/g)的10倍以上.PBDEs各化合物的地理分布情况受拆解地区和化合物蒸气压、水溶性等物化性质的影响而显示出显著的差异性:分子量较大的化合物分布在贵屿镇及紧邻村落电子废弃物拆解的主要源区;分子量居中的化合物的分布与特定地点有关;分子量较小的化合物以贵屿镇为中心向四周均匀扩散;且PBDEs从污染源向清洁地区扩散的途中发生了化合物分馏现象.