Inversion for negative dislocation on elastic block boundaries in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang block and prediction for strong earthquake location

Introduction According to the negative dislocation model (Matsu′ura et al, 1986), the relative motion be-tween active blocks under contemporary crustal movement is likely to be partially blocked on the boundaries. Suppose the lower ductile zone of boundary could slip freely, while due to the fric-tional resistance, etc., the upper brittle zone would restrict such kind of relative motion, so as to give rise to stress and strain accumulation. Namely, the surface displacement in the block bound-…     

模拟基坑开挖过程的试验研究

采用三轴剪切试验对基坑开挖过程中土体卸荷的应力路径进行模拟，研究了由于侧向卸荷对土体抗剪强度指标产生的影响，并从土的微观结构角度分析了产生这一现象的原因。试验结果表明，经过侧向卸荷过程土样的抗剪强度指标与常规三轴试验明显不同。     

吹填土沉积后微观结构特征定量化研究

粘性土微观结构是土体的一个重要质量特征.在外界环境条件影响下,吹填土在宏观上所表现出来的各种特性,都是其内在微观结构发生变化的外在反映.因此,微观结构对土的性质变化起着十分重要的作用.本文以连云港地区吹填土为研究对象,对其沉积后微观结构进行了定量测试,获得结构单元体的等效粒径、丰度、定向频率和定向分维数等定量化数据,并对结构单元体大小、平面形态和定向性进行了分析,该研究为吹填土工程性质的评价和改善提供了重要依据.     

Comparative study of microstructural characteristics and stored energy of mechanically activated hematite in different grinding environments

Hematite concentrate was mechanically treated using different milling machines and experimental conditions in air atmosphere. The changes in phase constitution, particles size, specific surface area, lattice parameters and X-ray amorphous phase fraction of activated hematite were determined. It was found that the agglomeration of the particles take place during extended milling with accessible pores for Nitrogen gas. The higher media surface brought about the largest specific surface area whatever milling devices used. After 9 h of grinding with higher media surface, the maximum and minimum specific surface area resulted from the grinding in the tumbling and vibratory mills, accounting for 6.83 m²/g and 18.42 m²/g, respectively. For the same grinding condition, tumbling mill produced the lowest X-ray amorphous phase. The maximum X-ray amorphous material estimated around 85% from the grinding in the planetary mill with higher media surface for 9 h of milling.     

Analytical approach for the toroidal relaxation of viscoelastic earth

This paper is concerned with post-seismic toroidal deformation in a spherically symmetric, non-rotating, linear-viscoelastic, isotropic Maxwell earth model. Analytical expressions for characteristic relaxation times and relaxation strengths are found for viscoelastic toroidal deformation, associated with surface tangential stress, when there are two to five layers between the core–mantle boundary and Earth's surface. The multilayered models can include lithosphere, asthenosphere, upper and lower mantles and even low-viscosity ductile layer in the lithosphere. The analytical approach is self-consistent in that the Heaviside isostatic solution agrees with fluid limit. The analytical solution can be used for high-precision simulation of the toroidal relaxation in five-layer earths and the results can also be considered as a benchmark for numerical methods. Analytical solution gives only stable decaying modes—unstable mode, conjugate complex mode and modes of relevant poles with orders larger than 1, are all excluded, and the total number of modes is found to be just the number of viscoelastic layers between the core–mantle boundary and Earth's surface—however, any elastic layer between two viscoelastic layers is also counted. This confirms previous finding where numerical method (i.e. propagator matrix method) is used. We have studied the relaxation times of a lot of models and found the propagator matrix method to agree very well with those from analytical results. In addition, the asthenosphere and lithospheric ductile layer are found to have large effects on the amplitude of post-seismic deformation. This also confirms the findings of previous works.     

前寒武纪干酪根微结构的高分辨电镜研究

本文根据高分辨电镜观察结果,描述了若干前寒武纪干酪根的微结构,讨论了干酪根微结构与母岩变质作用的关系。发现,在变生和变质过程中,干酪根微结构的变化趋势是不同的;层间距(d_(002))不是H/C比值的线性函数;干酪根的微结构可以指示母岩的变质程度。     

活动性断裂带错动下隧道纵向响应的解析解

震害调研表明，活动性断裂带区域的隧道灾害最为严重。针对错动作用下穿越活动性断裂带隧道的纵向响应进行了研究，推导了隧道纵向力学响应的解析解并进行了验证。考虑断裂破碎带围岩力学性质较差且处于错动变形的主要影响区，将隧道沿纵向进行分区，包括错动影响区、过渡影响区和非影响区。采用Pasternak双参数弹性地基梁，假定不同分区的地基参数和计算模式不同，建立了满足变形和内力连续的隧道纵向力学解析模型并进行了求解。解析计算结果与数值模拟结果、室内试验数据基本一致，验证了解析解的正确性。结果表明：错动作用下，活动性断裂带区域的隧道内力和变形发生了显著变化；隧道纵向挠曲变形与错动方向一致，但在断裂带与上下盘交界区域发生了反向的挠曲；在正断层错动下，纵向弯矩在断裂带与上下盘交界区域达到最大值，且上、下盘区域的隧道拱顶分别出现受拉和受压区域；断裂带区域内的剪力远大于其他区域，且受到较大弯矩，隧道结构易发生破坏。上述计算结果与实际调研结果相一致，表明了提出的解析计算方法可用于活动性断裂带错动下的隧道纵向响应分析。最后，针对地基系数和断裂带宽度两个关键参数进行了敏感性分析，得到了有益规律，可为该类区域的隧道设计和施工提供技术支撑。     

汶川地震后龙门山断层中段愈合过程的GPS时间序列反演

利用汶川地震后、芦山地震前3年时间(2010.30—2013.30)的GPS连续站时间序列结果,采用TDEFNODE负位错反演程序,对龙门山断层中南段闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率动态演化进行了反演计算与分析,并讨论了汶川地震后断层中段的愈合过程和西南段的大震背景。结果表明:①汶川地震震中周边破裂区域的闭锁程度逐渐增强,由2010年基本处于蠕滑状态,至2013年处于较强闭锁状态;闭锁范围也逐渐增大,由汶川震中西南方向逐渐趋近震中位置,表明该部分断层正在快速愈合。汶川震中北东方向的大部分破裂区域依然处于蠕滑状态,表明该部分断层还未开始愈合。②芦山地震震中附近及其西南方向断层一直处于强闭锁状态,且完全闭锁区域的滑动亏损速率逐年减小,可能表明愈合区域分担了部分巴颜喀拉块体对四川盆地的挤压作用。以上结果表明,龙门山破裂断层不同段震后愈合过程和活动特征都有显著差异;处于强闭锁状态的龙门山断层西南段,在挤压弹性应变快速积累的情况下,发生大震的背景有所增强。     

Relationships between daily growth of different groups of swordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis) and environmental variables in the East China Sea

Swordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis) is one of the important economical fishing target species in the East China Sea. Uroteuthis edulis is characterized by rapid growth, extensive migration, and long spawning period and sensitive to surrounding environment. In order to assess its stock status, it is necessary to explore its spawning season, growth patterns of different populations and their relationship with the environment in advance. In this paper, based on the samples of U. edulis collected in the East China Sea from September 2017 to March 2018, we explored the relationships between daily growth of statolith microstructure and environmental variables by gradient forest method and generalized additive model. The spawning season of U. edulis was found to be nearly one year, and two dominant season groups were found: the spring group with the peak period of April and the summer group with the peak period of August. Water temperature in the depth of 25 m (Temp_25), sea surface temperature (SST) and zonal velocity were the key environmental variables for the daily growth of April-spawning group. The most suitable environmental conditions for the growth of April-spawning group were water temperature (24?27°C) and velocity (0.1?0.3 m/s). SST, Temp_25 and mixed layer depth were the key environment variables for the daily growth of August-spawning group. The most suitable environmental conditions for the growth of August-spawning group were water temperature (21?28°C) and water depth (0?50 m). Key environmental variables of different groups suggested that early growth was significantly affected by seasonal changes of water temperature, current velocity and prey abundance. This study explored the relationships between early growth and environmental variables and provided the scientific guidance for the management and conservation of U. edulis.     

重庆市主城都市区人口老龄化与养老服务资源配置空间错位研究

基于县域尺度下第七次人口普查数据,构建养老服务资源配置综合指数,利用泰尔指数、空间错位指数以及地理探测器,从匹配性角度探讨重庆市主城都市区人口老龄化和养老服务资源配置的协调关系及其驱动机制。结果表明：1）2020年重庆市主城都市区人口老龄化系数与老年人口数量的空间分布特征基本一致,呈现从中心城区到主城新区由内至外增加的圈层结构特征;2）2020年重庆市主城都市区养老服务资源配置空间分布不均衡,中心城区形成养老服务资源配置评价高地,主城新区形成养老服务资源配置评价低值环;3）2020年重庆市主城都市区人口老龄化与养老服务资源配置存在空间错位现象,中心城区资源过剩与主城新区资源不足的矛盾突出;4）政府政策、居民收入水平以及产业结构的区域差异对养老服务资源的协调发展具有显著的正向影响,而市场经济规模的扩大、家庭规模的缩小以及人口结构的变动未能有效推动养老服务资源协调发展。