雅鲁藏布江大峡谷地区环境地球化学与地方病

雅鲁藏布江大峡谷地区地方性群发性骨骼生育疾病严重影响区域居民健康和经济社会发展。中国地质调查局在雅鲁藏布江大峡谷腹地部署了波密幅墨脱县幅区域地球化学调查．成果表明．大峡谷地区环境地球化学特征是生命元素Fe、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Co、Zn偏低，Cu、Mo、Cr、V、Ni明显偏低，毒性元素Ba、Be、Sr、Li偏高，U、Th明显偏高．P／F、Sr／Ca、Ba／Ca比例失调。地方病的发生与环境地球化学质量低下有密切关系。大峡谷地区板块运动造成的大规模物质交换和特殊的地球化学景观是环境地球化学质量低下和地方病产生的深层次原因。     

胰腺CT灌注成像的研究进展

摘要：作为新兴的功能学成像方法,胰腺CT灌注成像可以定量测量血容量、血流量、毛细血管表面通透性和平均通过时间等灌注参数,进而反映胰腺局部组织病理变化而引起的血流灌注改变。目前胰腺CT灌注成像的研究主要集中在正常胰腺组织、胰腺癌、胰腺炎及胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤等方面,部分灌注参数的研究结果在不同研究中差异较大。但随着多排螺旋CT软硬件技术的发展,胰腺CT灌注成像研究有加速趋势,全面临床应用将成为可能。关键词：胰腺疾病;体层摄影术;x线计算机;CT灌注成像文章编号：l004-4140（2014）Ol-0183-09中图分类号：R814．42;R445．3文献标志码：A     

Sources and threats of chronic tissue loss on coral reefs in the Lakshadweep Islands,Indian Ocean

Tissue degradation and resulting mortality are major threats to coral reefs around the world. Information on interactions of the major environmental factors that mediate tissue loss and mortality in coral reefs is of great importance. It is essential to understand the prevailing reef health conditions and to develop appropriate management actions. In the present study, a series of benthic surveys conducted in the Lakshadweep Islands revealed the interaction of major biological factors in causing tissue loss and mortality. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed interactions of various environmental scenarios. Tissue loss was prevalent in islands with high cover of massive corals (m = 20.91) and low in islands dominated by branching corals (m = 0.61). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed black band disease (β = .59; p < .001) and algal interactions (β = .48; p < .001) to be major factors responsible for coral mortality caused by tissue loss in the region.     

Research on the Water Vapor Source Induced Diseases of Wall Paintings in Longxing Temple

The method of ion chromatographic analysis was used to analyze major salt induced diseases of wall paintings in Moni Temple of Longxing Temple, and the non-destructive testing methods included electrical resistivity tomography, microwave moisture measurement, thermal infrared imaging and temperature and humidity monitor were applied to survey the source water vapor source. The results showed as follows: NaCl is head fact induced disease; there are latent areaways in walls and buddha stage; at the same time, the temperature difference between the lesion area and the surrounding murals accelerates the velocity of water vapor migration; the main water vapor source is water vapor in the air of Moni Temple and atmospheric rainfall.     

Diseases and compromised health states of massive Porites spp. in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea

In this study, we assess coral health by detecting the severity of coral diseases and compromised health states on massive Porites. Field surveys are conducted at twenty-two sites covering the eastern, inner and western Gulf of Thailand as well as the Andaman Sea during 2010-2015. A total of nine coral diseases and signs of compromised health are observed in the waters of Thailand, consisting of pigmentation responses (pink lines, pink patches, pink spots and pink borers), white syndromes (white patches, white bands and ulcerative white spots), growth anomalies, and unusual bleaching patterns. The highest severity of all observed coral diseases and signs of compromised health are found at Ko Khang Khao in the inner Gulf of Thailand, while that observed in the Andaman Sea is relatively low. Composition of the diseases vary across the study sites. Four groups of study sites, in which there is an 80% similarity of diseases or signs of compromised health composition, are clustered and detected based on the Bray-Curtis similarity. The canonical analysis of principal coordinates reveal that most study sites in the Gulf of Thailand, especially the inner Gulf of Thailand, tend to show a high severity of the diseases. The association of disease severity and composition and the level of human impact are also detected. The study sites located near the shores and/or the areas with intensive tourism tend to have higher human impact, especially on poor water quality, which may be linked to the higher severity and composition of coral diseases and signs of compromised health in the Gulf of Thailand. Fish bites are also observed in many study sites. The severity of fish bites in the Gulf of Thailand is much lower compared to the Andaman Sea. Ko Rawi exhibits the highest severity, following by Ko Surin Nua and Ko Butang. The study sites within marine national park boundaries have a significantly higher severity of fish bites than those outside of the marine national park boundaries. This study suggests that higher coral diseases and signs of compromised health severity might be linked to anthropogenic disturbances on coral communities in the waters of Thailand.     

牙鲆的疾病

综述当前国内外报道的养殖牙鲆危害严重的主要疾病及其防治方法。按牙鲆的病毒病、细菌病、寄生原虫病、吸虫病等顺序分别叙述了各主要病害，尤其对危害严重的病害种类如：牙鲆弹状病毒病、肠道白浊病、鳗弧菌病、腹胀病、腹水病、牙鲆出血性败血病等进行了较为详细的记述，以期对牙鲆疾病的研究提供参考材料     

海洋微生物技术

海洋生物技术学（ＭａｒｉｎｅＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ,或称海洋生物工程学）兴起于本世纪８０年代。海洋微生物技术是海洋生物技术学的一个组成部分。文中就抗生素、抗心血管化合物、抗病毒及抗肿瘤化合物、海洋生物毒素及酶等海洋生物活性物质,生物粘膜和生物污着,海洋污染的生物治理及水产养殖动物病害诊断与防治等海洋微生物技术的最新进展作了比较全面的综述。     

病毒: 海洋生态动力学和疾病学研究的创新点

病毒在海水中的浓度为10^7～10^9个／mL，多种多样的海洋病毒几乎对所有的海洋生物都有影响，5％～40％的海洋生物是被病毒销毁的，近30％海洋蓝藻和60％游离异养菌的死亡与病毒有关。地球26％的碳循环经海洋病毒完成。病毒可以影响许多生物地球化学过程和生态学过程，包括营养物循环、颗粒大小分布和沉积率、细菌和藻类的多样性和物种分布、赤潮控制、全球气候变化和种闻基因转移。各种生物种群内和种群闻有机会充分接触，为病毒传播及变异创造了条件，使海洋系统成为极富多样性的原始病毒库，除了对海洋细菌、蓝细菌、真核藻类、浮游生物等重要海洋初级生产力和次级生产力相关的种群的感染而影响整个海洋生态系以外，病毒还导致海水养殖品种发生多种病毒性痰病，病毒生态学特征对海洋生物痰病的发生和流行起着十分关键的影响作用。虽然国际上海洋病毒研究取得了重要的研究进展，但与海洋病毒的实际作用相比，研究还只是初现端倪，学科具有广阔的发展空间。