应用小波变换与二维分形技术预测奥灰裂隙发育带

以许厂煤矿的应用为例，介绍了小波变换和二维分形技术的基本理论以及预测奥灰裂隙发育带的方法、步骤及效果。理论与实际分析表明，在预测奥灰裂隙发育带中，小波变换可以提高地震资料的分辨率和信噪比，二维分形参数有很高的参考价值，二者的结合为预测奥灰裂隙发育提供了一种有效的方法。     

应用小波变换和C3相干算法检测地震剖面同相轴

为了提高地震剖面的信噪比和分辨率，使反射同相轴容易被识别和追踪，这里提出了一种应用小波算法及C3相干算法检测地震反射同相轴的新方法。利用小波算法提高地震剖面分辨率，减少大部分随机噪声，再运用C3相关算法和倾角扫描法检测地震剖面同相轴。应用该方法对模型数据进行了试算，证明了可行性，然后检测实际地震剖面同相轴，处理后的地震剖面同相轴品质及连续性都有了明显改善，信噪比增强，分辨率相应提高。     

The Time-Frequency Energy Attenuation Factor and Its Application on the Basis of Gauss Linear Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wavelet Transform

Based on the Gauss linear frequency-modulated wavelet transform, a new characteristic index is presented, namely time-frequency energy attenuation factor which can reflect the difference features of waveform in earthquake focus mechanism, wave traveling path and its attenuation characteristics in focal area or near field. In order to test its validity, we select the natural earthquakes and explosion or collapse events whose focus mechanisms vary obviously, and some natural earthquakes located at the same site or in a very small area. The study indicates that the time-frequency energy attenuation factors of the natural earthquakes are obviously different with that of explosion or collapse events, and the change of the time-frequency energy attenuation factors is relatively stable for the earthquakes under the normal seismicity background. Using the above-mentioned method, it is expected to offer a useful criterion for strong earthquake prediction by continuous earthquake observation.     

一种基于小波系数相关性的图像降噪方法

在利用正交小波对图像进行分解的基础上,提出了一种考虑不同尺度子分量的小波系数之间是相互关联的系数概率密度函数模型,而不同尺度的系数的选择依赖于其父层系数的大小,从而保证在消除噪声的同时保留图像的边缘信息,然后再对图像进行重构。实验证明,该方法取得了较好的降噪效果。     

石河子垦区一次低压大风天气的成因分析

通过对石河子一次低压大风天气的成因分析，发现“降压增温”是其前兆。前期降水，有利的垂直风场．不稳定能量释放是低压产生持续大风的关键，并提出今后的预报着眼点。     

IHS变换和小波变换相结合的遥感影像融合

本文针对低分辨率多光谱影像与高分辨率全色影像的融合，提出了一种IHS变换和小波变换相结合的遥感影像融合方法。方法首先对多光谱影像作IHS正变换，得到亮度I、色度H和饱和度S三个分量：然后利用小波变换融合方法，融合多光谱影像的亮度分量与全色影像，并用融合后的影像替代多光谱影像的亮度分量；最后，利用IHS反变换得到新的多光谱影像。试验结果分析表明，新方法的性能优于IHS变换融合方法、小波变换融合方法，在增强融合影像的空间细节表现能力的同时，很好地保留了多光谱影像的光谱信息。     

Flexural uplift of a lithospheric slab near the Vema transform (Central Atlantic): Timing and mechanisms

The Vema Transverse Ridge (VTR) is a prominent, long and narrow topographic anomaly that runs for over 300 km along a sea floor spreading flow line south of the Vema transform at 11° N in the Atlantic. It rises abruptly about 140 km from the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) in 10 Myr old crust and runs continuously up to 25 Myr old crust. It reaches over 3 km above the predicted lithospheric thermal contraction level. It is absent in crust younger than 10 Myr; thus, the uplift of the VTR must have ended roughly 10 Ma. The VTR is interpreted as the exposed edge of a flexured and uplifted slab of oceanic lithosphere that was generated at an 80 km long MAR segment. Based on satellite gravimetry imagery this MAR segment was born roughly 50 Ma and increased its length at an average rate of 1.6 mm/yr. Multibeam data show that the MAR-parallel sea floor fabric south of the VTR shifts its orientation by 5° to 10° clockwise in 11–12 Myr old crust, indicating a change at that time of the orientation of the MAR axis and of the position of the Euler rotation pole. This change caused extension normal to the transform, followed between 12 and 10 Ma by flexure of the edge of the lithospheric slab, uplift of the VTR at a rate of 2 to 4 mm/yr, and exposure of a lithospheric section (Vema Lithospheric Section or VLS) at the northern edge of the slab, parallel to the Vema transform. Ages of pelagic carbonates encrusting ultramafic rocks sampled at the base of the VLS at different distances from the MAR axis suggest that the entire VTR rose vertically as a single block within the active transform offset. A 50 km long portion of the crest of the VTR rose above sea level, subsided, was truncated at sea level and covered by a carbonate platform. Subaerial and submarine erosion has gradually removed material from the top of the VTR and has modified its slopes. Spreading half rate of the crust south of the transform decreased from 17.2 mm/yr between 26 and 19 Ma to 16.9 mm/yr between 19 and 10 Ma, to 13.6 mm/yr from 10 Ma to present. The slowing down of spreading occurred close in time to the change in ridge/transform geometry, suggesting that the two events are related. A numerical model relates lithospheric flexure to extension normal to the transform, suggesting that the extent of the uplift depends on the thickness of the brittle layer, consistent with the observed greater uplift of the older lithosphere along the VTR.     

Causes and solutions of overshoot and undershoot and end swing in Hilbert-Huang transform

Introduction Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a great break in processing nonlinear and non-stationary data and can be successfully used in many science domains. There are mainly two parts in this method. The first part is to decompose the original data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). IMF components are derived from the original data directly according to the local characteristics in the data under some rules, so that IMF are poste…     

Analyses on normal background characteristics about deformation observation data on the basis of wavelet transform method

Introduction Fourier transform that summed up a series discomposed sin functions of signal has been one of the widely used methods in the field of signal process all along. While for time information be-ing thrown away by this transform, it is difficult for us to judge when a special signal occurs on the way. Though short time Fourier transform (STFT) was developed later, which can probe local features of signals, it can not reveal what is really there because uniform window functions de-fin…     

图像增强技术在重磁图像中的应用

本文综述了图像增强技术在位场数据中的应用现状，并介绍了两种改进的图像增强技术，用于增强重磁图像特征。一种方法借鉴了直方图平滑化的思想，应用于位场彩色影像的色谱的自动确定。该方法的应用能够使色彩合理地配置，从而保证了图像的视觉效果和分辨率。另一种方法基于改进的Radon变化和梯度计算，用于重磁图像中线性特征的检测和增强。该方法能在变化域中突出显示线性特征，从而有利于线性特征的检测和增强。通过对简单图像和实际资料的应用，表明了两种方法在增强特征中的有效性。