A fast converging and anti-aliasing algorithm for Green's functions in terms of spherical or cylindrical harmonics

Geophysical observables are generally related to earth structure and source parameters in a complicated non-linear way. Consequently, a large number of forward modelling processes are commonly necessary to obtain a satisfactory estimate of such parameters from observed data. The most time-consuming part of the forward modelling is the computation of the Green's functions of the different earth models to be tested. In this study, we present a fast converging algorithm: the differential transform method for the computation of Green's functions in terms of spherical or cylindrical harmonics. In this method, a deconvolutable high-pass filter is used to enhance the numerical significance of the far-field spectrum of Green's functions. Compared with existing fast converging algorithms such as the Kummer's transformation and the disc factor method, the differential transform method is more efficient except for the extremely near-source region. The new method can be used to suppress numerical phases (non-physical seismic signals) associated with the aliasing effect that may arise in synthetic seismograms when the latter are computed from a windowed wavenumber (or slowness) spectrum. The numerical efficiency of the new method is demonstrated via two representative tests.     

盘龙河上游山洪径流多时间尺度特征分析

采用小波变换方法,对盘龙河龙潭寨水文站51年(1951～2001年)的山洪径流序列进行小波分析,揭示了盘龙河上游山洪径流多时间尺度的变化特征,分析了不同时间尺度下的径流序列变化周期和丰枯突变点.研究结果表明,径流序列变化具有26a以上,17～25a,7～15a和9a左右的时间尺度特征.通过小波方差检验,得出盘龙河上游山洪径流变化的主周期均为21年,其次为15,11,7和4年,以21年主周期来看,盘龙河上游地区山洪径流变化具有同步性.     

CSAMT一维全区反演

由汉克尔变换和连分式求解水平层状大地电偶源的水平电场和垂直磁场,然后由电场和磁场求得卡尼亚视电阻率,不进行近区和中间区校正,直接用阻尼最小法对近区和中间区发生畸变的卡尼亚视电阻率反演,得到地下电性参数。模型试算结果表明:虽然近区和中间区的视电阻率不能正确反映地下电性垂向变化,但由其反演仍能得到正确的结果。     

小波变换在处理GPS监测数据中的应用

由于小波变换特殊的性质决定了其在GPS监测数据中的应用，它能够提高GPS的定位精度和速度，并且在周跳检测、波形分解、消除噪声、数据压缩等方面大有可为。     

Failure of masonry arches under impulse base motion

Recent seismic events have caused damage or collapse of invaluable historical buildings, further proving the vulnerability of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures to earthquakes. This study aims to understand failure of masonry arches—typical components of URM historic structures—subjected to horizontal ground acceleration impulses. An analytical model is developed to describe the dynamic behaviour of the arch and is used to predict the combinations of impulse magnitudes and durations which lead to its collapse. The model considers impact of the rigid blocks through several cycles of motion, illustrating that failure can occur at lower ground accelerations than previously believed. The resulting failure domains are of potential use for design and assessment purposes. Predictions of the analytical model are compared with results of numerical modelling by the distinct element method, and the good agreement between results validates the analytical model and at the same time confirms the potential of the distinct element framework as a method of evaluating complex URM structures under dynamic loading. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小波变换实现不同尺度土地利用图像融合

图像融合的目的是把同一目标的多幅图像融合成一幅质量高的图像。本文给出了一种基于小波变换的图像融合方法,首先对大比例尺土地利用图像使用正交小波进行分解,再使用小比例尺土地利用图像替换分解出的低频近似信息,然后重构,得到两幅土地利用图像的融合图像。最后使用该方法对两幅土地利用图像进行了融合,得到的融合后的土地利用图像汲取了两幅图像的优势,在一定程度上实现了土地利用空间类型的信息量随比例尺变化而自动增减。     

Comparison of a 3‐D DEM simulation with MRI data

This paper presents a comparison of a granular material studied experimentally and numerically. Simple shear tests were performed inside the magnetic core of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment. Spherical pharmaceutical pills were used as the granular material, with each pill's centre location determined by MRI. These centre locations in the initial assembly were then used as the initial configuration in the numerical simulation using the discrete element method. The contact properties between pharmaceutical pills used in the numerical simulation were obtained experimentally. The numerical predication was compared with experimental data at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Good agreement was found at both levels. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A generalized set of discrete frequency distributions with Fortran program

Geologists unfamiliar with the application of probability theory to discrete data in other fields of research are usually acquainted with only three discrete theoretical frequency distributions: Poisson, binomial, and negative binomial distributions. In some situations these distributions may fail to adequately describe a set of experimental data. Other distributions such as the Poisson with zeros, Neyman type A, logarithmic with zeros, Poisson-binomial, and Thomas double Poisson together with the more common Poisson, binomial, and negative binomial form a generalized subset of discrete theoretical distributions, one of which should fit almost any experimental data set. A computer program is presented which allows testing of any combination of these distributions against observed discrete data.