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Discrete element modelling of an underground explosion in a jointed rock mass

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of the discrete element program UDEC for modelling underground explosions in a jointed rock mass. A field underground explosion test has been conducted and UDEC and AUTODYN were utilised in a coupled manner to predict the rock mass response due to the underground explosion. The dynamic equation for the state of the rock material obtained from impact tests was incorporated into the calibration modelling. The comparison of modelling results with test results and empirical formulas shows that UDEC is capable of modelling explosion wave propagation in jointed rock mass with high reliability.     

Modelling dynamic breakage in rock blocks with different elongation and flatness ratios upon impact

The two crucial shape factors (elongation ratio and flatness ratio) of brittle particles may influence the dynamic breakage of brittle particles upon impact. Hence, three-dimensional discrete element method simulations of brittle rock blocks with different shapes upon normal impact were performed. The simulated results indicate that the elongation ratio, that is, ratio of width to length and flatness ratio, that is, ratio of thickness to width can significantly affect the breakage of brittle rock blocks. Three fracture mechanisms, that is, fragmentation, horizontal tensile fracture and vertical tensile fracture, were revealed, which determine the dynamic breakage of rock blocks. The fragmentation results in numerous single-sphered fragments with velocities even larger than 2 times of the initial velocities. Fragmentation can provide a buffering effect at high impact velocities of larger than 4 m/s. With an increasing elongation ratio or flatness ratio, the phenomenon of fragmentation gradually disappears. The reflection of a compression stress wave results in horizontal tensile fracture. The expansion in the plane perpendicular to the impact velocity results in vertical tensile fracture.     

SEISMIC GROUND MOTION SYNTHETICS OF THE 1989 LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE

A discrete wave number approach in conjunction with a propagator-based formalism is used to synthesize the Loma Prieta earthquake ground motion at both the near and the far field, taking into account all kinds of seismic waves (body and surface). A bilaterally propagating shear slip over a rectangular fault is used to describe the seismic source mechanism, while the earth model is based on geological profiles of the Santa Cruz mountain area and consists of three layers overlaying a half-space. The synthesized ground motion is first compared with actual records from the Loma Prieta earthquake and the agreement between the two is found to be satisfactory, as far as magnitude, duration and essential wave form characteristics are concerned. Then, ground motions are synthesized and plotted at a dense grid of observer locations over a large area around the epicenter, at different time instants. Using such plots, it is possible to study the generation ana propagation of different kinds of seismic waves, the spatial variability of ground motion, as well as the development of the permanent gound deformation.     

离散介质中地震波传播的本构问题

实际地球介质是相当复杂的.基于均匀的、连续介质模型建立的弹性波动理论可能导致对地球结构地震响应的不当解释, 有时可能是错误解释.由于没有更接近实际地球介质模型的波动理论, 许多有用的地震信息因得不到合理解释, 被作为噪音处理了.从等效介质角度来看, 储层介质可以划分为弹性区、粘性区、空白区(空白区是由孔隙、裂隙、结构面产生的介质性质弱化区) 组成的离散介质.在局部平均思想的指导下, 利用区间内聚定理建立起离散(储层) 介质的本构关系, 为建立更接近实际地球介质模型的波动理论提供了力学基础.      

海水运动感应磁场的数值计算方法

海水是一种高导电率的流体,处于不停的运动之中。海水运动因切割地磁场而产生感应电流,从而产生感应磁场。本文从毕奥-萨伐尔定律出发,推导出了二维海水运动磁场方程,并利用形函数将其转换成二维离散速度场感应磁场积分表达式,采用高斯数值积分方法计算二维离散速度场感应磁场响应。算例表明,本文计算方法具有较高计算精度。文章还分析了海水运动频率、振幅和水深对感应磁场的影响。     

多层次格点资料相似离度动态综合做广东多站点长期趋势预报

介绍一种长期趋势预报方法，该法结合预报经验，按照形势变化特征对５００和１００ｈＰａ高度，太平洋海面温度等多层次月平均格点资料进行分区统计，然后用相似离度理论做计算。其中，既同时考虑空间多层次的气象信息，又从连续几个月的信息变化去进行动态的相似综合，力图使相似比较中的片面性得到改善。     

相关系数及其在矿产资源预测中的应用

定量变量和定性变量之间相关亲疏程度的度量研究一直未被重视。本文提出几种“C—D”相关系数,它们有效地刻划了定量变量与定性变量之间的亲疏程度。另外,针对现有定性变量的相关系数只重定性变量之“形”而忽视其“质”的缺憾,本文提出几种“D”相关系数,以充分挖掘定性变量中所蕴含的有用信息。最后,给出这些相关系数在矿产资源预测中的应用实例。     

浅海有限面积源的噪声场空间相关特性研究

本文对有限面积噪声源产生的噪声场的空间相关特性作了讨论。分别研究了接收器处于源区域里面和外面的情形。对一浅海典型声速剖面和 Baltic海区的噪声场相关特性及噪声场强度进行了计算 ,并与无限大噪声源平面的噪声场特性作了比较。同时 ,为把连续谱考虑在内 ,引入一虚假深海底 ,用复模式和来近似计算分支割线的贡献。但当接收器远离源区域时 ,连续谱经过在下介质中的长程传播 ,衰减迅速 ,故其对噪声场的贡献可以忽略 ,而仅考虑离散简正波场的贡献。结果发现 ,有限面积源的噪声场结构无论是水平结构 ,还是垂直结构均是不均匀的 ,都依赖于接收场点的绝对位置。这与无限大噪声源平面所形成的噪声场的特性是不一样的