Investigation of influence of particle characteristics on the non‐coaxiality of anisotropic granular materials using DEM

As a result of deposition process and particle characteristics, granular materials can be inherently anisotropic. Many researchers have strongly suggested that the inherent anisotropy is the main reason for the deformation non‐coaxiality of granular materials. However, their relationships are not unanimous because of the limited understanding of the non‐coaxial micro‐mechanism. In this study, we investigated the influence of inherent anisotropy on the non‐coaxial angle using the discrete element method. Firstly, we developed a new discrete element method approach using rough elliptic particles and proposed a novel method to produce anisotropic specimens. Secondly, the effects of initial specimen density and particle characteristics, such as particle aspect ratio A _m, rolling resistance coefficient β , and bedding plane orientation δ , were examined by a series of biaxial tests and rotational principal axes tests. Findings from the numerical simulations are summarized as follows: (1) the peak internal friction angle ? _p and the non‐coaxial angle i both increase with the initial density, A _m and β , and they both increase initially and then decrease with δ in the range of 0–90°; (2) among the particle characteristics, the influence of A _m is the most significant; and (3) for anisotropic specimens, the non‐coaxial angle can be calculated using the double slip and rotation rate model. Then, an empirical formula was proposed based on the simulation results to depict the relationship between the non‐coaxial angle and the particle characteristics. Finally, the particle‐scale mechanism of non‐coaxiality for granular materials was discussed from the perspective of energy dissipation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the implicit immersed boundary method in coupled discrete element and lattice Boltzmann method

The coupled discrete element method and lattice Boltzmann method (DEMLBM) has increasingly drawn attention of researchers in geomechanics due to its mesoscopic nature since 2000. Immersed boundary method (IBM) and immersed moving boundary (IMB) are two popular schemes for coupling fluid particle in DEMLBM. This work aims at coupling DEM and LBM using the latest IBM algorithm and investigating its accuracy, computational efficiency, and applicability. Two benchmark tests, interstitial fluid flow in an ideal packing and single particle sedimentation in viscous fluid, are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of IBM through semi-empirical Ergun equation, finite element method (FEM), and IMB. Then, simulations of particle migration with relatively large velocity in Poiseuille flow are utilized to address limitations of IBM in DEMLBM modeling. In addition, advantages and deficiencies of IBM are discussed and compared with IMB. It is found that the accuracy of IBM can be only guaranteed when sufficient boundary points are used and it is not suitable for geomechanical problems involving large fluid or particle velocity.     

海水运动感应磁场的数值计算方法

海水是一种高导电率的流体,处于不停的运动之中。海水运动因切割地磁场而产生感应电流,从而产生感应磁场。本文从毕奥-萨伐尔定律出发,推导出了二维海水运动磁场方程,并利用形函数将其转换成二维离散速度场感应磁场积分表达式,采用高斯数值积分方法计算二维离散速度场感应磁场响应。算例表明,本文计算方法具有较高计算精度。文章还分析了海水运动频率、振幅和水深对感应磁场的影响。     

基于全球离散网格框架的局部网格划分

从全球离散网格系统的应用需求出发,分析全球框架下建立局部网格的重要性,在此基础上提出全球离散网格系统下同构化的局部网格生成的基本思路,详细分析局部网格的复杂球面边界问题,从点与球面三角形的位置关系入手,讨论点与任意球面多边形的相对位置关系,研究基于球面任意多边形的边缘简化算法、判断点与球面任意多边形相互关系的算法、考虑跨面问题的网格区域裁减以及网格数据的层次生成算法.通过实验证明这些方法的效率和准确性.

Abstract：

Firstly, the paper analyzed the essentiality of generating partial grids based on the application and requirement of discrete global grid systems. And then, we brought forward the fundermental thought of generating partial grid which is under the discrete global grid frame, and discussed the detailed edge problems of partial highprecision grid. Started with the ubiety between a point and a spherical triangle, we discussed the ubiety between a point and a spherical random polygon, and then edge simplifying algorithm of spherical random polygon are studied, as well as co-relationship between points and spherical random polygon, grid district clipping based on spanning the developed surface and grid data hierarchical creating algorithm. In the end we prove exactness and efficiency of the algorithm through the experiments.     

求解3D弹性波方程的并行WNAD方法及其TI介质中的波场模拟

准确模拟TTI介质中弹性波的传播是研究地震各向异性、AVO反演的基础. 在二维加权近似解析离散化(WNAD)算法的基础上, 本文发展的并行WNAD算法是一种研究三维横向各向同性(TI)介质中弹性波传播的、快速高效的数值模拟方法. 我们首先介绍三维WNAD方法的构造过程, 然后与经典的差分格式--交错网格(SG)算法进行了比较. 理论分析和数值算例表明, WNAD算法比交错网格算法更适合在高性能计算机上进行大规模弹性波场模拟. 同时, 本文利用并行的WNAD方法研究了弹性波在TTI介质中的传播规律, 观测了TI介质中弹性波传播的重要特征:横波分离、体波耦合和速度各向异性等. 在TTI介质分界面处, 弹性波产生更加复杂的折射、反射和波型转化, 使得波场非常复杂, 研究和辨别不同类型的波能够加深我们对由裂隙诱导的各向异性介质的认识.     

冻结裂隙煤岩单轴压缩破坏机制及细观参数反演

煤岩的变形破坏是一个复杂的渐进演化过程, 为了研究冻结条件下裂隙煤岩的破坏机理, 基于CT扫描图像, 应用三维离散元模拟方法, 建立了冻结裂隙煤岩的单轴压缩模型。对比分析数值试验与室内压缩试验得到的应力-应变曲线, 发现二者吻合较好。通过对数值模拟结果的系统分析, 得到了冻结裂隙煤岩的细观结构损伤过程和宏观变形破坏规律, 也发现了煤岩的弹性模量和强度随温度变化的发展规律, 同时给出了煤岩强度和弹性模量与温度的数学关系式。以上研究表明, 离散元模拟方法能够为研究冻结裂隙煤岩的细观损伤演化和宏观破坏变形提供新思路, 可为岩体工程的安全稳定分析提供理论依据和参数基础。     

A coupled compressible flow and geomechanics model for dynamic fracture aperture during carbon sequestration in coal

This paper presents the development of a discrete fracture model of fully coupled compressible fluid flow, adsorption and geomechanics to investigate the dynamic behaviour of fractures in coal. The model is applied in the study of geological carbon dioxide sequestration and differs from the dual porosity model developed in our previous work, with fractures now represented explicitly using lower-dimensional interface elements. The model consists of the fracture-matrix fluid transport model, the matrix deformation model and the stress-strain model for fracture deformation. A sequential implicit numerical method based on Galerkin finite element is employed to numerically solve the coupled governing equations, and verification is completed using published solutions as benchmarks. To explore the dynamic behaviour of fractures for understanding the process of carbon sequestration in coal, the model is used to investigate the effects of gas injection pressure and composition, adsorption and matrix permeability on the dynamic behaviour of fractures. The numerical results indicate that injecting nonadsorbing gas causes a monotonic increase in fracture aperture; however, the evolution of fracture aperture due to gas adsorption is complex due to the swelling-induced transition from local swelling to macro swelling. The change of fracture aperture is mainly controlled by the normal stress acting on the fracture surface. The fracture aperture initially increases for smaller matrix permeability and then declines after reaching a maximum value. When the local swelling becomes global, fracture aperture starts to rebound. However, when the matrix permeability is larger, the fracture aperture decreases before recovering to a higher value and remaining constant. Gas mixtures containing more carbon dioxide lead to larger closure of fracture aperture compared with those containing more nitrogen.     

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