Truncation error formulae for the disturbing gravity vector

Recurrence relations have been derived for truncation error coefficients of the extended Stokes' function and its partial derivatives required in the computation of the disturbing gravity vector at any elevation above the earth's surface. The corresponding formulae, the example of values of the truncation error coefficients for H=30.1 km and ψ₀=30^∘ and the estimations of truncation error are given in this article. Received: 26 January 1996 / Accepted: 11 June 1997     

An Anisotropic Modelling for the Determination of Regional Attenuation Coefficients

The anisotropic attenuation of macroseismic intensity for a seismogenetic zone is dealt with using a new modelling of intensity distribution. The analysis, carried out starting from the intensity maps of the earthquakes of different seismogenetic zones of Central and Southern Italy, allows the determination of the attenuation coefficients for each seismogenetic zone by an anisotropic attenuation law. The obtained results show the reliability of the proposed modelling within seismic hazard evaluation studies.     

不完全阶次球谐位系数模型的研究

利用局部重力资料确定不完全阶次位系数模型的方法进行研究．首先根据Molodensky边值问题的数学理论和函数展为级数式的一般原理,论述了方法在理论上的正确性;然后根据模型结构,提出了位系数补偿因子,并给出其确定的原则及计算公式;接着构制一个适合局部区域的不完全阶次的高阶位系数模型的方法进行探讨;最后对其精度进行检验．结果显示局部区域2160阶不完全阶次模型对实测垂线偏差二分量的恢复精度分别为±2．56s和±2．61s．     

一种新颖的小波系数分类算法在图像无损编码中的应用

提出了一种新的小波系数分类算法，基于该分类算法，提出了一种更为合理的无损编码算法。实验结果显示，此方法优于其他基于小波的无损编码算法。     

Estimation of the Exchange Coefficient of Heat During Low Wind Convective Conditions

For the first time, the exchange coefficient of heat C_H has been estimated from eddy correlation of velocity and virtual temperature fluctuations using sonic anemometer measurements made at low wind speeds over the monsoon land atJodhpur (26°18' N, 73°04' E), a semi arid station. It shows strong dependence on wind speed, increasing rapidly with decreasing wind speed, and scales according to a power law C_H = 0.025U₁₀ ^-0.7 (where U₁₀ is the mean wind speed at 10-m height). A similar but more rapid increase in the drag coefficient C_Dhas already been reported in an earlier study. Low winds (<4 m s^-1) are associated with both near neutral and strong unstable situations. It is noted that C_H increases with increasing instability. The present observations best describe a low wind convective regime as revealed in the scaling behaviour of drag, sensible heat flux and the non-dimensional temperature gradient. Neutral drag and heat cofficients,corrected using Monin–Obukhov (M–O) theory, show a more uniform behaviour at low wind speeds in convective conditions, when compared with the observed coefficients discussed in a coming paper.At low wind convective conditions, M-O theory is unable to capture the observed linear dependence of drag on wind speed, unlike during forced convections. The non-dimensional shear inferred from the present data shows noticeable deviations from Businger's formulation, a forced convection similarity. Heat flux is insensitive to drag associated with weak winds superposed on true free convection. With heat flux as the primary variable, definition of new velocity scales leads to a new drag parameterization scheme at low wind speeds during convective conditionsdiscussed in a coming paper.     

有缝重力坝动力非线性数值计算模型及其应用

对于有缝重力坝的分析，基于连续介质力学的界面单元-有限元方法难于比较精确地模拟缝间的接触应力，从而无法合理地估算坝体应力与变形。作者对于多体系统和分区连续介质所发展的非连续变形计算力学模型能够根据接触界面的本构特性及其力学和运动学约束条件精确地再现受力过程中界面相互作用力的传递与非连续变形状态，本文将其应用于有缝重力坝的动力分析。实例数值分析表明该模型的计算结果从定性上讲是合理的，并且为判断坝体缝隙的工作状态与界面应力提供了有力的依据。     

利用GPS资料采用非连续变形分析模型确定中国大陆地壳运动速度场

利用近10年来我国先后建立的多个大规模高精度GPS地壳形变监测网资料，科学合理地计算出各GPS站点的速度值。采用球面非连续变形分析（DDA）模型，以GPS观测得到的速度值为约束，拟合出了中国大陆现今地壳运动的速度场。它不仅客观地描述了地壳运动的刚性成分，也客观地描述了块体内部的变形，并且具有物理意义。该速度场模型较地质构造速度模型，离散点速度模型，刚体转运速度模型，配置拟合速度模型等有明显的优越性。     

Non‐linear response analyses of rectangular rigid bodies subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motion

This investigation deals with non‐linear seismic responses of free‐standing rectangular rigid bodies on horizontally and vertically accelerating rigid foundations. The responses are classified into two initial responses and four subsequent responses, accordingly the equations of motion governing the liftoff, slip and liftoff–slip interaction motions and boundary conditions corresponding to commencement and termination of the motions are defined. The time histories of responses presented herein show that the body is sensitive to small changes in the friction coefficient and slenderness, and to the wave properties and intensity of ground motions. Systematic trends are observed: the bodies on the low‐grip foundation avoid overturning while they are allowed to slip regardless of details of ground motions; the long period earthquakes tend to make the body overturn and slip largely. In contrast, the timing when liftoff and slip commences and terminates and their directions do not directly correspond with intensity of ground motions. Moreover, the vertical ground motion adds irregularities on the responses, since it excites or damps the responses. It is concluded that governing equations of motion and boundary conditions in view of discontinuous non‐linear systems are necessary to analyse actual motions of the rectangular rigid bodies subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.