脉冲降雨—蒸发对土壤湿度影响的动力机制分析

土壤湿度直接作用于植被的呼吸、蒸腾和各种化学反应,是生态气象学的重要的环境因素。降雨和蒸发作为土壤湿度的两个重要扰动因子,对其进行定性的理论分析及定量的数值分析具有重要意义,尤其在半干旱和干旱地区。蒸发对土壤湿度具有持续的耗散作用,可以视为连续的,而降雨作为湿度补充作用具有脉冲效应。为阐释降雨和蒸发对土壤湿度的影响,该文通过建立脉冲降雨—蒸发对土壤湿度响应模型,并对其进行定性分析,得到此微分方程系统的周期解的充分条件。在此基础上,通过Forcal对方程参数拟合,并以Maple作为数值分析工具,对此系统进行数值模拟。     

Effects of fault movement and material properties on deformation and stress fields of Tibetan Plateau

We compare the factors which affect the movement of Tibetan Plateau by building three types of finite element models: an elastic materials (M-EC), a continuous model composed by non-linear materials (M-PC), and an elastic model with discontinuous fault movements (M-ET). Both in M-ET and M-EC, the materials in Qiangtang and Lhasa block are elastic, and in M-ET, discontinuous movement of faults is considered for evaluating the effects of strike-slip faults. In model M-PC Druker-Prager plastic materials are us...     

子波整形方法在大庆徐家围子深层气藏连片处理中的应用

在连片处理中,关键因素是地震资料的波形一致性问题。在不同年度采集的多区块连片处理中,不同的激发因素和接收条件,会今导致原始数据在子波振幅、频率、相位等方面存在明显的差异。在常规处理中,多采用频率、反褶积等匹配方法,来调整不同震源、不同区块原始资料的频率和相位关系,但这种处理方式会影响叠前处理的效果。通过子波整形方法,可以有效地消除不同震源类型、不同区块等采集因素所造成的区块间波形差异,互相关系数达到0.9以上。该方法应用在大庆徐家围子的深层气藏十九个区块,满覆盖面积为5 058.8 km2三维大连片叠前偏移处理中,取得了明显的效果。     

舟山—岱山间西部海域第四纪海底沉积物物理力学指标统计分析

根据工程地质钻探资料,对舟山—岱山岛间西部海域第四纪沉积物的物理力学指标进行统计分析,发现本海区第四纪海底土具有含水量高、孔隙比大、高压缩性、抗剪强度低等特征.统计表明,物理指标之间、力学指标和物理指标之间因参数的不同,相关性和变异性具有明显的不同,且随着地层深度的变化,物理力学指标的变异系数变化较明显.物理指标和力学...     

Henry's law coefficients for aqueous solutions of acetone,acetaldehyde and acetonitrile,and equilibrium constants for the addition compounds of acetone and acetaldehyde with bisulfite

Vapor phase concentrations of acetone, acetaldehyde and acetonitrile over their aqueous solutions were measured to determine Henry's law partition coefficients for these compounds in the temperature range 5–40 °C. The results are for acetone: ln(H ₁/atm)=–(5286±100)T+(18.4±0.3); acetaldehyde: ln(H ₁/atm)=–(5671±22)/T+(20.4±0.1); and acetonitrile: ln(H ₁/atm)=–(4106±101)/T+(13.8±0.3). Artificial seawater of 3.5% salinity in place of deiionized water raisesH ₁ by about 15%. A similar technique has been used to measure the equilibrium constants for the addition compounds of acetone and acetaldehyde with bisulfite in aqueous solution. The results are ln(K ₁/M ^–1)=(4972±318)/T–(11.2±1.1) and ln(K ₁/M ^–1)=(6240±427)/T–(8.1±1.3), respectively. The results are compared and partly combined with other data in the literature to provide an average representation.     

关于基坑设计计算中若干问题的榷商

结合近年来笔者在审核基坑设计时遇到的计算上存在的问题,就土锚和土钉(墙)的概念异同点、设计计算的异同点作了分析,对土钉(墙)的设计深度、土锚锚固段或土钉被动粘结段摩阻力的长度衰减问题提出了初步的想法.对采用m法计算桩内力和桩顶位移时m值取值的限制条件及桩顶位移的计算作了梳理,并提出在基坑设计中慎用m法的主张.     

Kinetics of the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with aliphatic ethers studied under simulated atmospheric conditions

Rate coefficients have been measured for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with a range of aliphatic ethers by a competitive technique. Mixtures of synthetic air containing a few ppm of nitrous acid, isobutene and an ether were photolyzed in a Teflon-bag smog chamber. From the rates of depletion of the ether and of the isobutene, and based on the value of the rate coefficient k(OH+i-C₄H₈)=5.26×10^-11 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1, the following rate coefficients were obtained for the hydroxyl radical reactions at 750 Torr and at 294±2K in units of 10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1: diethylether = 12.0±1.1, di-n-propylether = 15.3±1.6, di-n-butylether=17.1±0.9, ethyl n-butylether = 13.5±0.4, ethyl t-butyl-ether = 5.6±0.5, and di-isobutylether = 26.1±1.6. The quoted error limits correspond to 2 standard deviations but do not include any contribution from k(OH+i-C₄H₈) for which the error limits are estimated to be about ±10%. The results are discussed in relation to the available literature data and considered in terms of the structure-activity relation for hydroxyl radical reactions with organic molecules.     

Effect of earth tide on deep well water level

On the basis of the partial differential equations of the water level in a deep well that is affected by the bulk strain tide, the boundary conditions of permeating each other between aquifer and well are considered. The solutions of the equations have been obtained by the superposition principle, inpulse theorem and separation of the variations. Some suitable values are given to the parameters of well aquifer in the solutions. By means of the numerical calculation the relations among the well tide coefficients and phase lag phenomenon of response of the well level to earth tides is well interpreted. The parametric studies and the obtained graphs show that the more the radius of casing in a well, the porosity of an aquifer and the bulk compressibility for solid matrix of an aquifer, the less the transmissibility of an aquifer, then the less the tidal coefficient of well level, while the more the phase lag for well level to respond to the tide is. The response of the well level to the tide of longer period is better than the shorter period events. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 66–75, 1991.     

水平多层大地上垂直磁偶极频率测深的全波视电阻率

本文根据视电阻率定义的原则,以及用不同的场量定义的视电阻率效果不同这一事实,提出一种新的全波视电阻率定义.在全区同时用均匀大地上电磁场的三个分量来分区定义祝电阻率.在远区视电阻率由磁场的水平分量求出,在近区由磁场的垂直分量或其实分量定义,而在过渡区则由电场的水平分量确定.用这种方法定义的视电阻率为电磁响应的单值函数,它随频率变化的曲线显著改善,能直观地反映地层电阻率随深度的变化,数值比较接近地层的真电阻率值,假极值效应明显压低.在计算中用切比雪夫多项式分段拟合均匀大地电磁响应的反函数,并给出一套系数,由此算出的视电阻率误差小于1％.     

X射线荧光光谱法在有色金属矿石标准物质定值分析中的应用

报告了X射线荧光光谱法在铜矿、铅矿、锌矿、钨矿和钼矿标准物质定值分析中的应用。样品用低倍稀释熔融法在热解石墨坩埚中熔融,用人工标样进行校准,计算了COLA方程的理论影响系数,所有分析元素全部用理论影响系数法校正吸收-增强效应。分析结果与不同实验室不同分析方法的结果相吻合。