多年冻土融沉性分类研究

在冻土工程中,冻土的融沉性评价是工程地质勘察的主要内容之一,融沉性分类是冻土地基基础设计施工的重要依据．根据345个冻土原状样品融沉压缩试验数据,提出了细砾、砂土、粉土、黏性土、泥炭化黏性土和泥炭质土等6类土的融沉系数一含水量或融沉系数一超塑含水量线性回归方程式,得到与各融沉性分级相应的界限含水量或界限超塑含水量．最后...     

镇江市大气环境质量综合评价

依据国家大气质量标准,运用属性识别理论模型和变异系数的方法,以镇江市环保局2009年提供的原始数据为对象,对镇江市城区大气环境质量进行时空上的综合评价。结果表明,镇江市城区大气环境质量整体状况属于Ⅱ级(轻度污染);在时间尺度上第三季度各月份的大气环境质量最优,6月和10月具有较强的特点;空间尺度上丹徒监测站的大气环境质量较好,环境监测站较差。     

Accuracy of dynamic disk-based DDA with respect to a single sliding disk cluster

Disk clusters are developed to represent the shape of granular materials more precisely (compared to circular particles) and to minimise excessive rolling. Investigating the behaviour of dynamic disk-based discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) with disk clusters is very important to evaluate the applicability of disk-based DDA to dynamic problems in geomechanics. In this paper, the accuracy of disk-based DDA under dynamic conditions is studied by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis. The results obtained by disk-based DDA are compared with the analytical solutions of a disk cluster on an incline subjected to gravitational force only, and three different accelerations of increasing complexity with sinusoidal input functions as well as gravitational load. In this research, the effects of time step size and interface friction angles on the results are studied. Overall, most of the error for both velocity and displacement occurs at the beginning of the solution. With increasing friction angle, the initial perturbation of the solution increases in the case of sliding under gravitational force only, and decreases in the case of sliding under dynamic loads. This study shows that disk-based DDA predicts accurately the velocities and displacements derived with respect to the frictional resistance offered by the inclines.     

三峡库区马家沟滑坡模型形态概化

以三峡库区秭归县马家沟滑坡I号滑体为例, 为研究其在库水位升降和降雨条件下的变形破坏及稳定性, 对其采用框架式模型试验, 参照1∶40相似比进行了缩放.以模型概化前后滑坡稳定性系数相一致为目的, 在2.0m×1.0m×1.5m的试验框架内, 通过改变抗滑桩前的滑体、滑带的几何形态, 建立了与研究对象应力边界条件一致的地质力学模型.概化后对滑坡桩前边界推力和研究区后边界推力进行拟合, 得出相应于实际滑坡在不同水位时边界推力的折减系数.通过调节水位的升降速率来保证在水位变化时滑坡概化前后稳定性系数等效, 数值模拟结果显示滑坡模型的水位变化速率为0.7m/d、水位在183~204m范围内升降满足模拟实际滑坡水位在145~175m间变动的情况, 从而也验证了滑坡概化后模型的合理性.      

A development of the discontinuous deformation analysis for rock fall analysis

Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), a discrete numerical analysis method, is used to simulate the behaviour of falling rock by applying a linear displacement function in the computations. However, when a block rotates, this linear function causes a change in block size called the free expansion phenomenon. In addition, this free expansion results in contact identification problems when the rotating blocks are close to each other. To solve this problem of misjudgment and to obtain a more precise simulation of the falling rock, a new method called Post‐Contact Adjustment Method has been developed and applied to the program. The basic procedure of this new method can be divided into three stages: using the linear displacement function to generate the global matrix, introducing the non‐linear displacement function to the contact identification, and applying it to update the co‐ordinates of block vertices. This new method can be easily applied to the original DDA program, demonstrating better contact identification and size conservation results for falling rock problems than the original program. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非连续变形正分析中的块体相互侵入问题研究

依据非连续变形正分析方法的基本理论，提出了一种考虑多块体运动系统中特定块体边界允许适量侵入的方法－－子矩阵高速法，并给出了相应的调整公式。以青藏块体东北缘及其周围地区为例，考虑特定块体边界不同程度的侵入，模拟得到：（1）考虑侵入后，的确使模拟的结果得到明显改善；（2）用子矩阵调整法考虑特定块体边界适度侵入是切实可行的。     

Review of validation of the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method

Over the last decade, researchers in the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) community have dedicated a great deal of effort to document the accuracy of the method by performing validation studies. This paper contains a summary of more than 100 published and unpublished validation studies which comprise the body of DDA validation information to which the authors have access. The studies are grouped into three general categories: (a) validation with respect to analytical solutions, (b) validation with respect to results of other numerical techniques, and (c) validation with respect to laboratory and field data. Three general techniques for validation are described: qualitative assessment visually examining runtime behaviour of simulations, semi‐quantitative assessment comparing numerical results of simulations, and quantitative where numerical simulation results are evaluated in detail with respect to similar analytical, laboratory or field results. We find that for many of the problems addressed by the papers in this review, DDA performs more than adequately for engineering analysis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A time‐discontinuous Galerkin method for the dynamical analysis of porous media

We present a time‐discontinuous Galerkin method (DGT) for the dynamic analysis of fully saturated porous media. The numerical method consists of a finite element discretization in space and time. The discrete basis functions are continuous in space and discontinuous in time. The continuity across the time interval is weakly enforced by a flux function. Two applications and several numerical investigations confirm the quality of the proposed space–time finite element scheme. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新世纪构造地质学两大支柱理论: 最大有效力矩准则与变位形分解

传统构造地质学用摩尔-库伦准则和贝克尔的应变椭球体理念分别解释地壳中的脆性断层和塑性变形,将变形局部化的韧性剪切带形成解释为平行应变椭球体的圆切面,却无法解释变形局部化的共轭剪切带稳定夹角~110°面对应缩短方向。变形局部化是独立于脆性和塑性变形外的变形领域,受最大有效力矩准则控制。20世纪末提出的变位形分解理念,摆脱连续介质力学的束缚,合理地说明广泛存在的走滑断层平行俯冲带或逆冲断层带。非均匀变形和非连续介质力学理念的建立,为地质学与力学的结合开辟了新的前景。文章试用上述两理念概略分析中国和邻区中新生代构造格局,以期引发讨论。      

Vegetation water content retrieval using scatterometer data at X-band

The vegetation water content (VWC) of kidney bean crop is retrieved using ground-based multi-temporal, multi-angular and co-polarized scatterometer data at X-band. An outdoor crop-bed was prepared to observe the scatterometer response at HH- and VV-polarizations in the angular range from 20° to 70°. The trend of scattering coefficient is found to decrease for the entire angular range. The present study is carried out to investigate the retrieval for VWC of a kidney bean crop at its nine different growth stages by an empirical relation based on least square optimization method using scatterometer data. The results are found promising for the retrieval of the VWC of kidney bean crop at its several growth stages.