非连续变形分析方法中的阻尼问题研究

定量研究了非连续变形分析(DDA)方法中的黏性阻尼与数值阻尼。首先,基于Newmark直接积分法,推导了块体系统的运动方程。其次,通过动力学中的黏性阻尼理论建立了DDA中动力系数、时间步长与黏性阻尼比的关系式,探讨了DDA中的常加速度积分方案的数值阻尼分区及阻尼比计算方法,进而得到两种阻尼共同作用时的阻尼比表达式,并分析了频域内阻尼比的分布情况。最后,以谐振激励下的块体振动为例,通过对比不同阻尼作用下块体位移的DDA计算值与理论解,验证了本文提出的阻尼比计算公式的正确性。研究表明：黏性阻尼对低频的衰减作用明显,数值阻尼则可以很快地消除高频干扰,而二者共同作用下可降低阻尼的频率相关性。该研究成果为DDA的振动、波动等动力计算的阻尼取值提供了理论依据。     

椭圆边经线多圆锥投影

提出建立椭圆边经线多圆锥投影的原理和方法,给出经线方程、纬线方程,求得x、y关于φ的偏导数和关于λ的偏导数后,即求得高斯系数并推导包括沿经线和沿纬线长度比、面积比和最大角度变形等的变形公式。用一算例说明椭圆边经线多圆锥投影的设计步骤和方法。     

不确定系数多离散时滞的中立型系统的时滞相关鲁棒稳定性

研究了一类时变不确定系数多离散时滞中立型系统的时滞相关鲁棒稳定性问题.利用线性矩阵不等式技术,提出了一种计算该系统自由权矩阵和时滞上界的简化方法,并在系统中考虑了中立项时滞和离散时滞,得到了上述系统为稳定与鲁棒稳定的一些充分条件.最后,用数值例子说明了该方法的有效性和较小的保守性.     

地球主惯性矩

地球主惯性矩属于大地测量学和天文学的基本地球参数.研究地球主惯性矩及有关问题.第一节研究主惯性矩和地球扁率的计算公式;第二节研究主惯性轴坐标系中2阶位系数的计算;第三节研究地球主惯性轴方向的确定方法,第四节给出地球主惯性矩、主惯性轴方向和地球扁率的数值结果.     

基于CHAMP卫星星历反演地球重力场的两种方法

根据模拟的CHAMP卫星星历,分别采用基于牛顿运动定律的数值微分法和基于能量守恒定律的能量守恒法建立观测方程,恢复出50阶次的重力位系数。同时,考虑到CHAMP卫星位置、速度和加速度存在的误差,分析了这两种方法对各项精度指标的敏感程度,并比较了这两种方法的优缺点。     

New experimental determination of Li and B partition coefficients during upper mantle partial melting

Despite the growing interest for Li and B as geochemical tracers, especially for material transfer from subducting slabs to overlying peridotites, little is known about the behaviour of these two elements during partial melting of mantle sources. In particular, mineral/melt partition coefficients for B and to a lesser extent Li are still a matter of debate. In this work, we re-equilibrated a synthetic basalt doped with ~10 ppm B and ~6 ppm Li with an olivine powder from a spinel lherzolite xenolith at 1 GPa–1,330°C, and we analyzed Li and B in the run products by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In our experiment, B behaved as a highly incompatible element with mineral/melt partition coefficients of the order of 10⁻² (D ^ol/melt = 0.008 (0.004–0.013); D ^opx/melt = 0.024 (0.015–0.033); D ^cpx/melt = 0.041 (0.021–0.061)), and Li as a moderately incompatible element (D ^ol/melt = 0.427 (0.418–0.436); D ^opx/melt = 0.211 (0.167–0.256); D ^cpx/melt = 0.246 (0.229–0.264)). Our partition coefficients for Li are in good agreement with previous determinations. In the case of B, our partition coefficients are equal within error to those reported by Brenan et al. (1998) for all the mineral phases analyzed, but are lower than other coefficients from literature for some of the phases (up to 5 times for cpx). Our measurements complement the data set of Ds for modelling partial melting of the upper mantle and basalt generation, and confirm that, in this context, B is more incompatible than previously anticipated.     

回线源瞬变电磁成像的理论分析及数值计算

进一步提高瞬变电磁法对地探测的解释精度,提出了回线源瞬变电磁成像原理及数值计算方法. 讨论了频率域中水平层状介质中瞬变电磁响应,得到一个以波阻抗为积分核的双重积分式;然后对水平层介质下电磁场的解进行上、下行波分离,得到含有以反射系数序列为未知的线性方程组,并给出了求取波阻抗和反射系数的数值解法：对实测磁场值进行域的变换,以均匀半空间下的等效波阻抗代替积分核函数,经过线性数字滤波后,在频率域求出等效波阻抗;把频率域中的波阻抗转换到时间域,以此为参数,构建方程组,在时间域用线性规划法求出反射系数序列. 最终以反射系数为参数进行成像. 对理论模型的数值计算结果表明,用本文提出的成像方法可以增强瞬变电磁法识别地下电性分界面的能力.     

A note on flow structure in the Great Ouse estuary

Field measurements of vertical profiles of velocity and salinity along with turbulence measurements have been used to examine the effect of density gradients on the flow structure in the Great Ouse estuary. During the flood tide shear and longitudinal density gradients cause well mixed conditions in the lower part of the water column. In the upper part of the water column secondary flow effects induced by transverse density gradients, and acceleration effects can contribute to the formation of stable vertical density gradients. On the ebb tide the vertical density gradient appears to be the dominant factor which determines the structure of the flow. The velocity and shear stress data show the evidence of large scale motions which are consistent with the postulated flood and ebb flow structures.     

基于粗糙海面高度频谱函数的雷达后向散射系数计算

海面雷达后向散射系数是主动微波遥感定量化研究海洋的基础，基于各种海浪谱模式的后向散射系数计算可比性差，鉴于风成粗糙海面的波面斜率呈非Guassian分布的特点，本文给出了依据自由海面的二维高度谱计算海面的雷达后向散射系，并与实际SIR－C／X－SAR数据进行对比。