数值流形法中“质量守恒”的探讨

数值流形法是至少包含流形法(NMM)、有限元法(FEM)和非连续变形分析(DDA)的数值方法体系。将数值流形法中物理单元与数学单元完全重合,去掉接触理论,流形元能够回归到有限元,将通过简单的板压缩数值试验验证这一点。在以前的数值流形法法中,质量守恒问题一直被忽视,物理单元的质量会随着单元体积改变,计算结果存在一定的误差。通过改变计算过程中单元密度实现计算过程中的"质量守恒",完善了现有数值流形法的理论基础。     

深基坑“T”型地下连续墙应力监测分析

根据上海某工程深基坑“T”型截面地下连续墙安全监测数据,修正温度变化对振弦式钢筋计应力测值的影响,通过计算分析地连墙不同截面的应力规律并计算对应的弯矩及轴力值,得出了一些结论和建议,对类似工程有一定借鉴作用。     

Sea trials and application of a numerical method for the analysis of the ocean current displacement phenomena of demersal longlines

In this study, a numerical method for the analysis of the sinking speed of demersal longlines was developed to obtain further insight into the ocean current displacement of demersal longlines. The sinking speed is one of the main factors affecting the extent of current displacement, which is the horizontal movement of longlines due to ocean currents.To improve the accuracy of the model, bait properties were investigated in a flume tank, and the resistance coefficients of full scale models based on different bait shapes, sizes and orientations were established. The numerical method was verified by full scale experiments conducted in the sea.In the theoretical analysis, the sinking speed of a Norwegian commercial longline was calculated. Current-related data of a common longlining area in Norway were obtained from the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and were used to calculate the ocean current displacement of a demersal longline. The results show the ocean current displacement of longlines, and make to expect a decrease in the fishing efficiency.     

A note on partition coefficient distributions

Much interest has been generated in assessing the possible risks of contamination for humans and marine life resulting from the dumping of nuclear waste in Arctic Seas by the former Soviet Union. Models are being used to predict the transport of radionuclides released from the dumping grounds. A key parameter in these models is the partition coefficient representing the uptake potential of marine sediments and seawater for radioactive contaminants. Partition coefficients are dependent upon the independent variables of sediment concentration and the sediment/water radionuclide distribution coefficients. Modelers must use estimated average values for the independent variables because data for these variables are lacking for the Arctic environment. In this note, we illustrate the differences between assuming that partition coefficients can be computed solely from the average values of the independent variables vs. exact probability distributions, and illustrate the technique for one of the radioactive contaminants,¹³⁷Cs. In general, errors in the sediment partition coefficient can be as high as 67% using average values; for¹³⁷Cs. the error is about 37%.     

微动多阶瑞雷波SPAC系数反演方法及应用研究

为充分利用微动信号中基阶和高阶模式瑞雷波,本文研究了基于多阶瑞雷波SPAC系数直接反演的方法.该方法首先基于地层介质响应计算多阶瑞雷波的能量占比,考虑实际观测台阵有限台站个数对SPAC系数影响,正演计算多阶瑞雷波SPAC系数,再采用快速模拟退火算法对其反演以获得地下介质横波速度结构.在此基础上,本文通过数值模拟验证该方法的可靠性,分别选取三种典型地质模型,基于模式叠加算法合成理论微动信号,采用本文方法计算其理论多阶瑞雷波SPAC系数并反演,给出反演结果与真实模型对比.我们将该方法应用于上海中心城区的地质调查中,通过与钻探结果对比,进一步验证该方法的有效性.本文理论与实际应用研究表明,基于多阶瑞雷波SPAC系数直接反演的微动探测方法有助于提高反演结果的可靠性,尤其对含软硬夹层的复杂地层介质,可提高探测精度.     

MVLL算法中地表断裂特征的自适应窗口变化策略研究

针对线阵CCD影像,研究了MVLL算法的匹配走向,得出了匹配走向即建筑物底部至对应屋顶的连线在匹配过程中为近似直线的结论。分析了MVLL算法中地表断裂特征通常匹配至屋底的匹配难点,改进了相关参数自适应调整算法,给出了自适应窗口变化算法的流程。两组ADS40线阵影像的断裂特征匹配实验表明,经过自适应窗口变化后,地表断裂特征能够成功匹配,MVLL算法的自适应性增强。     

浅水方程模拟中确定糙率的回归系数法

基于水流模拟本身就是模拟模型回归求真(即实体原型)过程的认识,从模拟模型和实体原型之间的相关关系出发,应用统计学中的线性回归分析方法,通过回归系数建立了模型与原型糙率系数之间的关系式,提出了二维浅水方程模拟中糙率确定的回归系数法。数值试验表明,该方法并不依赖于糙率系数的初值,具有稳定性好、收敛速度快的特点;对磨刀门水道水流的数值模拟应用显示,该方法能有效地改善模拟计算的精度,具有较好的适应能力,简便实用,为二维浅水流动模拟计算时率定糙率系数提供了一种有效途径。     

全极化合成孔径雷达近岸风场反演研究

Coastal winds are strongly influenced by topology and discontinuity between land and sea surfaces. Wind assessment from remote sensing in such a complex area remains a challenge. Space-borne scatterometer does not provide any information about the coastal wind field, as the coarse spatial resolution hampers the radar backscattering. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with a high spatial resolution and all-weather observation abilities has become one of the most important tools for ocean wind retrieval, especially in the coastal area. Conventional methods of wind field retrieval from SAR, however, require wind direction as initial information, such as the wind direction from numerical weather prediction models （NWP）, which may not match the time of SAR image acquiring. Fortunately, the polarimetric observations of SAR enable independent wind retrieval from SAR images alone. In order to accurately measure coastal wind fields, this paper proposes a new method of using co-polarization backscattering coefficients from polarimetric SAR observations up to polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients, which are acquired from the conjugate product of co-polarization backscatter and cross-polarization backscatter. Co-polarization backscattering coefficients and polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients are obtained form Radarsat-2 single-look complex （SLC） data.The maximum likelihood estimation is used to gain the initial results followed by the coarse spatial filtering and fine spatial filtering. Wind direction accuracy of the final inversion results is 10.67 with a wind speed accuracy of 0.32 m/s. Unlike previous methods, the methods described in this article utilize the SAR data itself to obtain the wind vectors and do not need external wind directional information. High spatial resolution and high accuracy are the most important features of the method described herein since the use of full polarimetric observations contains more information about the space measured.This article is a useful addition to the work of independent SAR wind retrieval. The experimental results herein show that it is feasible to employ the co-polarimetric backscattering coefficients and the polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients for coastal wind field retrieval.     

海-气界面动量通量的估计方法分析与应用

首次将经验模态分解方法引入湍流稳定性分析,与传统的线性和滑动平均去势方法进行了比较,发现经验模态分解方法的去势效果最好。基于"南海平台通量观测计划"(FOPSCS)近两年的连续通量观测数据,得到了22 476个摩擦速度的估算值,结果表明,当风速小于5m/s时,拖曳系数随风速增大而减小,而风速大于5m/s时,拖曳系数随风速增大而增大,两种情形分别反映了黏性表皮摩擦和波浪引起的形状阻力对海面风应力的贡献。同时发现短风区情形的拖曳系数大于长风区情形,说明波浪成长状态会对海-气界面动量交换产生影响。     

Mean-field concept and direct numerical simulations of rotating magnetoconvection and the geodynamo

Mean-field theory describes magnetohydrodynamic processes leading to large-scale magnetic fields in various cosmic objects. In this study magnetoconvection and dynamo processes in a rotating spherical shell are considered. Mean fields are defined by azimuthal averaging. In the framework of mean-field theory, the coefficients which determine the traditional representation of the mean electromotive force, including derivatives of the mean magnetic field up to the first order, are crucial for analyzing and simulating dynamo action. Two methods are developed to extract mean-field coefficients from direct numerical simulations of the mentioned processes. While the first method does not use intrinsic approximations, the second one is based on the second-order correlation approximation. There is satisfying agreement of the results of both methods for sufficiently slow fluid motions. Both methods are applied to simulations of rotating magnetoconvection and a quasi-stationary geodynamo. The mean-field induction effects described by these coefficients, e.g., the α-effect, are highly anisotropic in both examples. An α²-mechanism is suggested along with a strong γ-effect operating outside the inner core tangent cylinder. The turbulent diffusivity exceeds the molecular one by at least one order of magnitude in the geodynamo example. With the aim to compare mean-field simulations with corresponding direct numerical simulations, a two-dimensional mean-field model involving all previously determined mean-field coefficients was constructed. Various tests with different sets of mean-field coefficients reveal their action and significance. In the magnetoconvection and geodynamo examples considered here, the match between direct numerical simulations and mean-field simulations is only satisfying if a large number of mean-field coefficients are involved. In the magnetoconvection example, the azimuthally averaged magnetic field resulting from the numerical simulation is in good agreement with its counterpart in the mean-field model. However, this match is not completely satisfactory in the geodynamo case anymore. Here the traditional representation of the mean electromotive force ignoring higher than first-order spatial derivatives of the mean magnetic field is no longer a good approximation.