表面粗糙对渤海海冰热红外辐射方向特征的影响研究

热红外遥感技术使大范围、快速地监测渤海海冰表面温度成为可能。然而,目前绝大多数遥感器都是小视场角的,只对海冰在某个方向上的辐射能量进行了测量。由于自然界的海冰大多数都是高低起伏的、不平坦的,如果近似地认为遥感像元尺度内各部分温度是相同的,有时会带来较大误差。在盛冰期的渤海辽东湾东岸固定冰区,分别用3D激光扫描仪、热红外成像仪和自计温度计测量了渤海海冰的表面形状、辐射亮温和真实温度。结果表明,由于海冰表面粗糙,会形成三维非同温像元。同时,也会导致传感器在粗糙海冰的各个部分的局部观测天顶角与整体观测天顶角有所不同,造成粗糙海冰与平整海冰的方向辐射特征有较大差异,平整海冰更接近理想平面,粗糙海冰更接近朗伯面。     

基于Drucker-Prager准则的扩孔器单齿正交切削岩土三维力学模型

扩孔器是定向穿越扩孔钻进阶段进行岩土切削的主要工具,合理的结构设计是提高扩孔时效、降低工程复杂问题出现几率的主要手段,且由于扩孔阶段是决定定向穿越工程工期的最主要阶段,因此,对扩孔器切削齿的切削效率进行深入研究是非常必要的。从单齿正交切削岩土的机制入手,综合考虑岩土与切削齿面之间的接触摩擦及岩土剪切区的剪切作用,分析了单齿正交切削岩土的力学特征,基于能够考虑中间主应力对岩土破坏影响的Drucker-Prager强度准则,推导了单齿正交切削岩土的主切削力与主切削力矩计算公式;在利用有限元计算程序对所推导公式进行验证的基础上,优选了剪切角计算模型,获得了不同岩土材料时的主切削力解析解,并分析了不同齿前角对主切削力的影响规律,从而获得单齿正交切削岩土的最优齿前角,为进一步研究扩孔器整体结构设计并针对不同岩土介质设计出适应性更强的扩孔器结构奠定基础。     

国产旋转导向及随钻测井系统在渤海某油田的应用

旋转导向和随钻测井系统可在精确、高效控制井眼轨迹和快速识别地层性质的同时大幅度提高作业效率,降低作业成本。尤其在海上油气开发过程中具有较好的提效效果,但是长期以来该领域均被国外石油公司垄断且租赁价格高昂。中海油国产化研制的Welleader旋转导向系统、Drilog随钻测井系统经过多次试验达到了入井应用要求,在渤海某平台调整井钻井作业中进行了应用,结果表明该套系统旋转导向系统轨迹控制满足定向井轨迹要求、测斜数据准确、测井质量符合标准要求,能够实现钻井过程中的轨迹控制和测井要求。     

导向钻机液压管路的优化设计

导向钻机液压管路的尺寸直接影响着能量损失以及管路体积、质量的大小。采用优化设计方法,综合考虑能量损失及管路体积2方面的影响,建立了导向钻机吸油管路的目标函数,经编程求解,确定了管路的合理尺寸。     

非开挖导向钻机中几种主要结构的设计

近年来非开挖钻机飞速发展,水平定向钻进及导向钻进技术在管道建设中占主导地位。着重介绍了目前国内外水平定向钻机的动力头传动和驱动方式,给进机构的给进方式,夹持-拧卸装置、底盘、钻杆装卸装置的机构,并分析了它们的优缺点。     

偏心楔钻进技术的改进与应用

偏心楔是定向钻进技术的一种方法和手段,偏心楔钻进技术的关键工序是孔底架桥和在硬岩地层过楔面钻进技术。通过生产、科研相结合,对液压金属孔底塞和金刚石钻头进行了改进研究,经过几年的生产应用和3个钻孔应用效果对比,取得了较好的效果。     

若尔盖复杂地层钻进工艺研究及探讨

川西北高原高寒山区若尔盖铀矿地层“漏失、垮塌、超径、孔斜”,是典型的“五毒俱全”、国内少见的钻探复杂地层。我们通过认真的分析和研究,从工艺技术上改进,采用优质泥浆体系,成功穿越了近300米的炭质板岩层;采用连续造斜器成功实施了深孔定向钻进,为在复杂地层下一基多孔工艺提供了依据。     

Large-scale gold mineralization in eastern China induced by an Early Cretaceous clockwise change in Pacific plate motions

Orogenic gold (Au) deposits are the most important type, accounting for more than half of the world's proven Au reserves. They are mainly controlled by three key factors: (1) abundant andesitic rocks (SiO₂ of 55–60 wt.%) at depth, which have systematically higher Au contents than other rock types; (2) a pervasive transition from greenschist facies to amphibolite facies metamorphism within a short period, which releases S^2?-rich fluids that may scavenge Au from host rocks; and (3) deformation and fracturing under a compressive/transpressive tectonic regime. Orogenic belts at convergent margins are the best places for such mineralization because convergent margins are rich in andesites; the transition from greenschist to amphibolite facies recrystallization commonly occurs as a result of collision, compression, and thickening at convergent margins, forming large amounts of Au-rich fluids within a short period of time; and strong deformation and fracturing during orogenic processes provide channels for fluid transportation. Moreover, the overlying plate is injected and enriched by auriferous fluids released during amphibolite facies metamorphism of the subducting plate. The Pacific plate changed course by ～80° (from SW to NW) at approximately 125–122 Ma, reflecting an altered thermal structure and the elevation of the South Pacific plate attending the appearance of the plume head that formed the Ontong Java large igneous province. Consequently, the tectonic regime changed from extension to compressive/transpressive in eastern China, causing deformation, thickening, and metamorphism of the overriding plate, especially along weak crustal belts (e.g. overlying plates of palaeosutures), which resulted in world-class mineralization of orogenic Au deposits. During this process, pyrite changed to pyrrhotite during the transition from greenschist to amphibolite facies, releasing sulphur. Sulphur mobilized and scavenged Au and other chalcophile elements into metamorphic ore-forming fluids. A series of NE-trending compressive faults were formed at ?120 Ma as a result of continuous compression of the subducting Pacific plate, releasing these ore-forming fluids. Auriferous carbonate-rich quartz veins and/or metasomatized Au-bearing wall rocks were formed due to the decompression of the ascending ore-forming fluids. Orogenic belts along the margins of the North China craton and the Jiangnan block were the most favourable regions for mineralization. Compared with the former, the latter has much smaller proven Au reserves. However, more exploration is needed along the margins of the Jiangnan block. Promising targets include accessory faults and kink points of large, NE-trending Cretaceous faults that transect greenschist facies metamorphic rocks of the Niuwu and Jingtan Groups, etc.     

基于移不变全方向角提升的遥感图像降噪

在分析遥感图像结构特征及其与噪声之间主要区别的基础上,利用图像信号的方向信息,提出基于移不变全方向角提升小波（TI—OL）抑制遥感图像噪声的方法。该方法在方向提升小波变换的基础上并利用循环平移,Gabor小波滤波器和图像旋转技术改进了方向提升小波在图像去噪过程中存在的三个弊端：缺乏移不变性质,图像局部方向信息判方法断缺乏噪声鲁棒性和变换方向分布有限。消除去噪结果中的吉布斯效应,提高图像方向信息判断的准确性并保证图像纹理方向始终落在方向提升能最优表示的方向区间内。试验结果证明所提方法在处理遥感图像的过程中能在去噪的同时保留图像的细节和边缘信息,对遥感图像中的边缘信息如道路和桥梁有较好的刻画性能,较传统方法去噪性能（PSNR）和主观视觉效果（SSIM）均有较大提高。     

孙家庄铁矿初级定向钻进及防斜措施

介绍了山西省原平市孙家庄铁矿矿区的地层概况和矿体特征,收集汇总了该矿区的前期钻孔数据资料和存在的孔斜问题,对该矿区的钻孔孔斜情况及原因进行了分析,总结了该矿区的钻孔孔斜变化规律及特点,对钻探施工中的钻孔结构、钻具级配、套管选用、初级定向钻进方法及防斜措施进行了详细的介绍,并用钻探施工效果证明了采用的初级定向钻进方法和采取的防斜措施是可行和合理的。