应用时空变—倾角扫描叠加KL变换提高地震资料信噪比

使用KL变换可去除地震资料中随机噪声和相干噪声，提高地震资料信噪比。但常规KL变换仅能加强水平方向同相轴，对倾斜或弯曲同相轴处理效果较差，且在处理大量数据时计算成本很高，在实际生产中难以广泛应用。一些文献中针对常规KL变换的两个缺陷进行了改进，即使用倾角扫描叠加KL变换和采用数据分块技术。作者在本文中将这两个方面的改进有机地结合起来，提出应用时空变－倾角扫描叠加KL变换对地震资料进行处理，并指出使用该方法时需要注意的一些问题。理论模型和实际资料处理效果表明，使用本方法可以克服常规KL变换的缺陷，有效改进剖面处理效果。     

Co-seismic displacements, folding and shortening structures along the Chelungpu surface rupture zone occurred during the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake

A nearly 100-km-long surface rupture zone, called Chelungpu surface rupture zone, occurred mostly along the pre-existing Chelungpu fault on the northwestern side of Taiwan, accompanying the 1999 Chi-Chi Ms 7.6 earthquake. The Chelungpu surface rupture zone can be divided into four segments based on the characteristics of co-seismic displacements, geometry of the surface ruptures and geological structures. These segments generally show a right-step en echelon form and strike NE–SW to N–S, and dip to the east with angles ranging from 50 to 85°. The co-seismic flexural-slip folding structures commonly occurred in or near the surface rupture zone from a few meters to a few hundreds of meters in width, which have an orientation in fold axes parallel or oblique to the surface rupture zone. The displacements measured in the southern three segments are approximately 1.0–3.0 m horizontally and 2.0–4.0 m vertically. The largest displacements were measured in the northern segment, 11.1 m horizontally and 7.5 m vertically, respectively. The amount of co-seismic horizontal shortening caused by flexural-slip folding and reverse faulting in the surface rupture zone is generally less than 3 m. It is evident that the co-seismic displacements of the surface rupture zone are a quantitative surface indicator of the faulting process in the earthquake source fault. The relations between the geometry and geomorphology of the surface rupture zone, dips of the co-seismic faulting planes and the striations on the main fault planes generated during the co-seismic displacement, show that the Chelungpu surface rupture zone is a reverse fault zone with a large left-lateral component.     

Shifting of the volcanic fronts during Early to Late Miocene in the Northeast Japan arc

Abstract Recent advanced chronological studies for the Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Northeast (NE) Japan arc revealed three volcanic fronts which differed in temporal and spatial distribution. These fronts were (i) the Matsumae-Shizukuishi-Shiogama line of 22–25 Ma which is obliquely across the Quaternary volcanic front (QVF); (ii) the Tomari-Shiogama line of 13–16 Ma which exists 30–50 km east of the QVF and (iii) a line of 0–8 Ma which is the same as the QVF. The first shifting of the 22–25 Ma line to the 13–16 Ma one was due to the counterclockwise rotation of the NE Japan arc during 20–12 Ma as proposed by Otofuji et al . (1985), and the second shifting of the 13–16 Ma line to the 0–8 Ma line could have contributed to a decrease in the dip of the slab of the Pacific plate which subducted beneath the NE Japan arc during 13–8 Ma.     

高倾角地层地震勘探在新疆尼勒克煤田勘探中的应用

尼勒克井田的浅表层地震地质条件差，深部地质构造复杂，地层倾角大。通过建立地质构造模型，反演出高倾角地层的地震记录，针对高倾角地层地震反射波的特点，采用小道距观测，在资料处理方法上着重注意原始资料分析、静校正处理、反褶积测试、叠前偏移技术等环节。该区勘探结果表明：在高倾角地层从事地震勘探，首先要根据地震地质条件作好构造模型及反演记录，着重做好变观措施，其次选取合理的处理模块，做好叠前偏移技术，兼顾干扰波去除，即可获得满意的勘探效果。     

浅层地震反射波法在高倾角煤层采空区勘探中的应用

对在高倾角煤层采空区勘探中应用浅层地震反射波法的可行性进行了分析 ,并结合具体工程实例对应用效果进行了评价     

计算几何算法在GIS图形分析中的应用

图形空间分析是地理信息系统的重要功能之一。根据地理信息系统应用领域的不同。所需的图形空间分析功能也不尽相同，但是，各种图形空间分析功能所涉及到的基本图形关系的判断确基本相同。文中介绍并改进了一些计算几何方法在ＧＩＳ常用图形分析中的应用。目的在于抛砖引玉，让更多的人开展这方面的研究。     

Dip angle determination of fault planes from gravity data

This paper illustrates an approach for determining uniquely the dip angle of a faulted structure, approximated by two semi-infinite horizontal slabs, displaced vertically from each other, by making use of the maximum positive and the maximum negative gravity amplitudes. The method is simple and rapid, and it does not necessarily require computing facilities.Two field examples from Aberdeenshire, Scotland and from the Northern Eastern Desert of Egypt are presented in which the angles of dip of two geological contacts are estimated at 45 and 40 degrees, respectively, and verified from surface geology, gravity modeling, and seismic data.     

消除叠后地震记录相干噪声的时-空变倾角KL变换

对常规KL变换和倾角扫描叠加KL变换用于去除地震剖面中相干噪声的情况进行了探讨,指出了它们的适用情况及局限性,并在此基础上提出了去除叠后地震记录中相干噪声的新方法———时空变倾角KL变换。使用该方法既能有效去除强相干噪声,又能较好保持有效信号同相轴的连续性。最后用合成剖面和实际剖面证明了该方法的有效性。     

可控震源非线性扫描地震响应的数值模拟

讨论了几种非线性扫描信号自相关函数的旁瓣特性.对可控震源非线性扫描的地震响应进行了数值模拟.当震源扫描持续时间是检波器接收时间的一半时,相关运算把反射扫描信号压缩成脉冲信号的效果是显著的.有限度地增加震源扫描持续时间以及与之相适应的接收时间可以使反射扫描信号得到进一步的压缩,但在固定扫描与接收时间的条件下,增加采样点个数对反射扫描信号的压缩并不起作用.采用具有低频相关子波特性的非线性扫描震源信号,将有利于相关噪声的消除.模拟结果还证实了二次扫描在某些特定条件下会出现鞍点效应这样一个事实.