海底滑坡作用下滩海管道结构安全分析

海底滑坡作为常见的海洋地质灾害,对海洋油气工程安全产生巨大威胁。海床土体失稳引起滑坡体滑动,会对海底管道产生拖曳作用。基于计算流体动力学方法(CFD)建立海底滑坡体对管道作用的评估模型,采用H-B模型描述块状滑坡体并与试验比较验证,分析不同海床倾斜度滑坡对管道的作用并拟合表达式;研究了海底管道在滑坡作用下的力学响应,并采用极限状态方法开展海底滑坡作用下管道结构极限安全分析,探讨了管道埋地状态时的极限安全界限,建立滑坡作用下管道结构安全分析方法。研究表明:滑坡对管道作用力与海床倾角呈现正相关,而覆土层厚度对作用力影响较小;随着不排水抗剪强度的减小,允许的滑坡宽度和速度均增加,表明土体不排水抗剪强度与引起的拖曳力呈正相关;滑坡土体宽度对极限安全速度影响较大。     

成都地区节能日光温室气象参数设计

应用气侯学基本原理,当地天文参数与气候资料,计算了成都地区节能日光温室采光面最佳倾斜角,顶面覆盖材料承受最大风压,防寒沟深度及温室间适宜距离。     

裂隙介质中流速及倾斜度对四氯乙烯的运移影响研究

文章选用四氯乙烯（PCE）为代表性重非水相液体（DNAPL）,采用透射光法监测PCE在单裂隙介质中的运移过程和形态分布,探究流速及裂隙面倾斜度对PCE运移分布行为的影响。结果表明,单裂隙介质中PCE呈团块状脱离注样针,并在运移过程中呈近椭圆状。地下水流速越大,初始面积Fs越大,近椭圆的PCE离心率e越小;裂隙面倾斜度越大,初始面积Fs越小,近椭圆的PCE离心率e越小。不同流速或倾斜度条件下,入渗稳定后的PCE团块面积与离心率均明显下降。地下水流速及裂隙面倾斜度的增大对于PCE纵向运移具有促进作用,使PCE污染物前端锋面运移速率增大,在相同时间内更快运移到裂隙底部。PCE入渗停止后,流速增大促使污染源区PCE饱和度降低,使饱和度峰值随水流速度增大而减小;倾斜度增大抑制污染源区PCE饱和度降低,使饱和度峰值随倾斜度增大而增大。     

Green schools in Taiwan – Effects on student sustainability consciousness

In recent decades, the Taiwanese government has worked actively to implement the concept of a sustainable Taiwan. As an important step in their strategy, the Ministry of Education has decided to promote the Green School Partnership Project in Taiwan (GPPT). However, academic research and critical reflection on the effects of this environmental and sustainability education initiative are lacking. Therefore, this study focuses on filling this gap by means of a nationwide generalizable effect study. The sampling allowed comparisons between the sixth, ninth, and twelfth grades in GPPT and non-GPPT schools and considered the geographic location (north, center, and south of Taiwan) as well as socio-economic area of the schools. A total of 1741 students participated, answering a questionnaire that focused on student sustainability consciousness (SC) and its components (i.e., knowingness, attitudes, and behaviors in relation to sustainability). Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Our findings make an important empirical contribution, indicating that GPPT schools and non-GPPT schools have a similar effect on the SC of students, i.e. schools engaged in the GPPT do not enhance student SC. In addition, the gender gap regarding SC increased consistently with each increasing grade level, yielding higher mean values for the girls than for the boys. Furthermore, an adolescent dip occurred in the student SC, especially with regard to student sustainability behavior. Given these findings, implications for developing GPPT are discussed; this research could provide valuable information about the educational transformation process to enhance environmental and sustainability behavior among students in Taiwan.     

砂砾岩沉积特征分析及有利储集相带确定--以玛北斜坡区百口泉组为例

为明确砂砾岩复杂储层的沉积特征及有利储集相带分布,通过岩心、测井、地震、实验分析等资料综合研究,认为玛北斜坡区百口泉组属近源快速堆积的扇三角洲沉积体系,主要发育扇三角洲平原辫状河道、扇三角洲平原/前缘砂质碎屑流、扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道、远岸水下分流河道、河口坝五种主要沉积微相类型。发育牵引流、重力流两种搬运机制。主要发育夏子街扇、黄羊泉扇二大主扇体,夏子街扇细分为风南10、夏72、玛7三条支扇,西部的风南10支扇、东部的玛7支扇发育重力流(砂质碎屑流)沉积。夏72支扇位于玛北鼻状凸起上,鼻状凸起背景下发育的低缓沟槽控制着牵引流水系的展布。储层的成岩作用(压实、胶结)强度与沉积作用(泥杂基含量、粒度)关系密切,泥杂基含量、粒度为储层储集性能的主控因素。有利储集相带受沉积机制、沉积微相双重控制,重力流(砂质碎屑流)沉积整体物性最差;牵引流沉积视不同沉积相带,扇三角洲平原辫状河道、扇三角洲前缘远岸水下分流河道物性较差;扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道、河口坝物性最优,优质储层主要分布在扇三角洲前缘近岸水下分流河道相带内。     

P-SV转换波的分离提取技术

多波多分量地震勘探技术是一种综合利用纵波、转换波等多种地震波进行精细探测的有效方法。转换波的分离提取处理步骤至关重要,用地质模型的多分量模拟数据,对P—SV转换波的分离提取方法进行了处理试验。根据试验结果认为,多波多分量数据波场的不同特征可采用不同的分离方法。     

Dip‐adaptive singular‐value decomposition filtering for seismic reflection enhancement

We present a singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering method for the enhancement of coherent reflections and for attenuation of noise. The method is applied in two steps. First normal move‐out (NMO) correction is applied to shot or CMP records, with the purpose of flattening the reflections. We use a spatial SVD filter with a short sliding window to enhance coherent horizontal events. Then the data are sorted in common‐offset panels and the local dip is estimated for each panel. The next SVD filtering is performed on a small number of traces and a small number of time samples centred around the output sample position. Data in a local window are corrected for linear moveout corresponding to the dips before SVD. At the central time sample position, we sum over the dominant eigenimages of a few traces, corresponding to SVD dip filtering. We illustrate the method using land seismic data from the Tacutu basin, located in the north‐east of Brazil. The results show that the proposed method is effective and is able to reveal reflections masked by ground‐roll and other types of noise.     

喜河水电站坝址区缓倾角结构面综合分析研究

喜河水电站坝型为混凝土重力坝,重力坝对地基岩体的抗剪强度有较高的要求。前期勘查成果表明喜河水电站坝址区存在较多的缓倾角结构面,缓倾角结构面的存在是影响坝基抗滑稳定的关键,因此要对坝基作出抗滑稳定性评价。首先要研究坝址区缓倾角结构面的分布规律及连通情况,通过对坝址区缓倾角结构面的综合分析研究提出合理的坝基岩体的综合抗剪强度。     

裂缝的双侧向测井响应的数学模型及裂缝孔隙度的定量解释

根据裂缝双侧向测井响应的特征，裂缝分３种状态：低角度裂缝、倾斜裂缝和高角度裂缝，给出了判断裂缝状态的方法；建立了裂缝的双侧向测井响应与裂缝孔隙度、裂缝内流体电导率、基岩电导率之间的函数关系；得出人工估算和计算机精确计算裂缝孔隙度的两套反演公式及相应计算方法．     

地层倾角测井自适应窗长人机交互对比方法及地质解释

首先讨论倾角测井资料自适应窗长人机交互式对比方法．依据地质背景资料对倾角测井电导率曲线进行粗略分层，然后电脑进行精细对比，最后人的知识和经验对对比结果进行确认与解释，从而保证每个资料点对比结果的可靠与客观性．同时讨论了智能型知识库支持下的倾角测井资料交互式构造解释方法，采用人机交互技术识别地层倾角矢量模式组合。然后完成交互式地质解释过程．实践表明，上述方法在复杂地下地质条件和井眼条件下是一种有效而快速的方法，同时可以克服倾角测井资料地质响应的多解性．