地球内部构造和动力学的地震学研究

扼要论述地震学研究在地球内部构造和动力学领域中取得的新进展。我国人工震源的观测在青藏高原、下扬子、大别造山带、华北地震区等获得了一批地壳细结构的成果,已广泛地用于地球动力学研究中。天然地震观测资料的层析成像取得了我国大陆地壳上地幔三维结构的图像。虽然大多数结果提供了地球动力学的背景,但就其分辨率而言还不足于进行有效的大陆动力学研究。笔者认为,提高最终三维模型的分辨率是当前地震学研究的关键之一。美国的两个地震学研究小组根据各自研究工作,揭示了地球内核自转比地幔和地壳部分快,是地震学对地球科学的重大贡献。     

模拟滤波器的数字化及其软件实现

在简要介绍模拟滤波器数字逼近的几种方法的基础上,着重分析双线性变换法的原理、算法及软件实现方法。本方法简化了模拟滤波器的数字化,也为分析数字滤波器的稳定性能提供了方便。     

黔桂微细浸染型金矿区环形构造的数值特征及其与金矿的关系

通过对黔桂地区遥感图像环形构造的统计分析，应用分形理论研究了环形构造的数值特征及其与金矿的关系，发现不同成因的环形构造有不同的分维值和圆度，赋矿环形构造其自身的规律，其分维值与非赋矿环形构造的分维值不同。     

一种卫星和雷达资料结合的强降水临近预报方法

在短期和短时天气预报的基础上，通过对气象卫星红外数字资料的定量处理和统计分析，作出降水云系的实时降雨量估计，并根据降水云系生命史的演变和移动、传播等特征，结合天气系统分型和雷达回波资料，提出一种北京密云水库上游潮河，白河流域区域性０－３小时强降水临近预报方法。     

Willmore地震计与DCS—302数字记录器的配用研究

美国ＴｅｒｒａＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ公司生产的ＤＣＳ－３０２数字地震仪原来配用ＳＳＡ－３０２力平衡加速度计，用于观测地震的近场地面运动加速度。本文设计了一套装在地震计与记录器之间的前置放大器，使ＤＣＳ－３０２记录器可与英国制造的ＷｉｌｌｍｏｒｅＭＫ３型动磁式地震计配用，既能记录近震，又能记录远震，扩大了ＤＣＳ－３０２数字地震仪的使用范围。文中给出了记录实例。     

地热—Ⅱ型稳定分棒式热导仪——岩石热导率精密测量装置

地热-Ⅱ型岩石热导仪是在地热-Ⅰ型基础上,参考美、法同类装置的性能特长,改型设计研制而成的。采用了国际地热界通用的一维稳态分棒原理和结构,并成功地应用了计算机程控测量。仪器为平行双架式,可同步运行。该测试系统尚配备微型探针,程序兼容,仪表共用。因此,除坚硬致密岩样外,尚可用于测量孔隙含水或饱水岩样、松散沉积物或钻孔岩屑。仪器性能稳定,操作方便,自动打印结果。测量复率±2—3％,绝对精度优于±5％。     

Digital topography of volcanoes from radar interferometry: an example from Mt Vesuvius,Italy

A new airborne radar technique can generate digital topographic data for volcanoes at a scale of 10 m spatial and 1–5 m vertical, with a swath width of 6.4 km. Called TOPSAR, the intrument is an interferometric radar flown on the NASA DC-8 aircraft. TOPSAR data permit the quantification of volcano slopes, volumes, and heights, and as such will be valuable for the analysis of lava flows, domes, and lahar channels. This instrument will be flown over several volcanoes in the near future, providing volcanologists with valuable data sets for the analysis of high-resolution topography. We briefly illustrate the potential use of TOPSAR data through examples from Mt Somma and Vesuvius, Italy.     

DEM中线性信息提取方法研究

DEM中线性信息提取方法按照提取时使用信息范围的广度可分为全局方法和局部方法。其中全局方法包括确定水流模型方法和随机水流模型方法,局部方法包括垂向截面方法、水平截面方法和曲面拟合方法。并对各方法及其改进方法进行了研究。     

VISUAL MODFLOW建模应用的探讨--水文地质与水资源评价标准化数值模拟软件交流

VISUAL MODFLOW是国际机构和同行认可的地下水三维水流和溶质模拟评价的可视化专业软件，具有可视化、标准化及自动求参等特点，在世界范围内已广泛应用丁地下水勘察与水资源评价中．根据软件使用的多年体会和认识，笔者对使用该软件建模计算的步骤和水文地质条件进行了总结，并对模型的主要计算成果图表进行了解释，最后指出了软件尚存的缺陷，有助于广大水文地质工作者对该软件的了解和正确使用．     

Source process of the 14 November 2001 western Kunlun Mountain M S=8.1 earthquake

Based on digital teleseismic P-wave seismograms recorded by 28 long-period seismograph stations of the global seismic network, source process of the November 14, 2001 western Kunlun Mountain M _S=8.1 (M _W=7.8) earthquake is estimated by a new inversion method. The result shows that the earthquake is a very complex rupture event. The source rupture initiated at the hypocenter (35.95°N, 90.54°E, focal depth 10 km, by USGS NEIC), and propagated to the west at first. Then, in several minutes to a hundred minutes and over a large spatial range, several rupture growth points emerged in succession at the eastern end and in the central part of the finite fault. And then the source rupture propagated from these rupture growth points successively and, finally, stopped in the area within 50 km to the east of the centroid position (35.80°N, 92.91°E, focal depth 15 km, by Harvard CMT). The entire rupture lasted for 142 s, and the source process could be roughly separated into three stages: The first stage started at the 0 s and ended at the 52 s, lasting for 52 s and releasing approximately 24.4% of the total moment; The second stage started at the 55 s and ended at the 113 s, lasting for 58 s and releasing approximately 56.5% of the total moment; The third stage started at the 122 s and ended at the 142 s, lasting for 20 s and releasing approximately 19.1% of the total moment. The length of the ruptured fault plane is about 490 km. The maximum width of the ruptured fault plane is about 45 km. The rupture mainly occurred within 30 km in depth under the surface of the Earth. The average static slip in the underground rocky crust is about 1.2 m with the maximum static slip 3.6 m. The average static stress drop is about 5 MPa with the maximum static stress drop 18 MPa. The maximum static slip and the maximum stress drop occurred in an area within 50 km to the east of the centroid position. Foundation item: Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (103066) and Foundation of the Seismic Pattern and Digital Seismic Data Application Research Office of Institute of Earthquake Science of the China Earthquake Administration.