基于数字高程模型因子分析的地球化学异常提取

利用R型因子分析方法,对西北某地区1∶5万图幅岩屑样测试数据进行了分析,提取了5个代表性因子,绘制地球化学分区图。结合区域成矿地质背景、研究区地质条件及野外地质调查发现的41个矿化点,确定具有成矿意义的因子F3(Cu-Zn-Ag组合)。利用基于GIS数字高程模型对F3因子进行异常信息提取,结果显示76%的铜矿化点与异常吻合,较铜单元素圈定的异常提高了10%。异常主体位于志留系公婆泉组变质安山岩与石炭纪侵入岩的接触带(岩性偏安山岩),野外异常查证发现这些异常部位多见矿化现象。研究区北部钾长花岗岩区出现的少量弱小异常,为岩浆热液有关的黄铁矿化及黄铜矿化引起。槽探工程进一步验证了该方法在中大比例尺异常提取方面的良好效果。     

基于择多算子的随机搜索法建立数字岩心的新技术

介绍了用于刻画岩心孔隙空间特征的两点概率函数、线性路径函数,提出了建立数字岩心的新方法--基于择多算子的随机搜索法,系统阐述了该方法的建模理论及基于择多算子的孔隙点、骨架点的随机搜索策略,指出搜索孔隙点、骨架点的择多算子的适宜取值区间分别为[9,12]和[4,7]。研究表明,该法进行数字岩心建模不仅可行而且效果良好。它不受岩性地限制;所建数字岩心的孔隙形态及空间分布特征与真实岩心孔隙相似;尽管岩心含有一定数量的孤立孔隙和岩石颗粒,但其规模很小;岩心具有良好的孔隙连通性、各向同性和渗透性,故可用来研究多孔介质中流体的分布和渗流等问题;由于该法建立的数字岩心的连通性随孔隙度的减小而变差,故该法更适于建立大孔隙度岩心。     

数码航摄资料在数字化地形图测制中的应用

介绍从大比例尺地形图数码航测数字化成图存在的难点出发,综合生产实际,探讨全数字摄影测量内业作业过程各个环节的数学几何关系和误差影响,根据成图工艺流程和作业方法,研究对大此例尺数码摄影航测成图的地理精度和数学精度的质量控制,并对实践经验作了总结.     

用全数字摄影测量系统高效获取4D数字产品的方法

以北京某地区为例,详细介绍利用JX-4C全数字摄影测量工作站制作4D（DRG、DLG、DEM、DOM）数字产品的作业方法,最后得出该地区的4D产品成果图。证明利用该方法制作4D产品的速度快、精度高,可广泛应用于测绘生产过程。     

RS、GPS、TMS相结合在合肥市大房郢水库工程用地测量中的应用

为满足合肥市大房郢水库建设及土地管理部门对用地资井的要求，利用航空遥感片对用地现状进行了调查，采用航测解析法配合其它先进测量手段(GPS全球定位系统、TMS全站仪测量系统)确定用地的各类界线。本文介绍了这次工作的技术路线，土地利用现状调查，用地界线的确定，数字影像线划地籍图的编辑及数据汇总等方面的情况。     

Flooding in the Red River Basin – Lessons from Post Flood Activities

Flood of 1997 affected a large number of residents in the Red River Basin. Life disruption, economic damage, lengthy recovery process, physical and emotional trauma motivated a number of main initiatives to improve the level of preparedness in case of future floods. This review will focus on the involvement of the International Joint Commission (IJC). Personal experience is used in this review to emphasize a number of important lessons, of special relevance to Canadian portion of the basin, from the post flood activities. Level of preparedness for, and potential damage from future floods will benefit from focusing very serious effort on the improvement of the Canadian database, exchange of data with the U.S. and standardization of data collection, exchange and use. Tools for sustainable floodplain management are improving. However, the Red River Basin with its characteristics requires a special set of sophisticated tools that will enhance flood flow forecasting, planning of new flood control measures (structural and non-structural) and emergency operations of existing flood protection system. City of Winnipeg, being the largest population centre in the basin deserves a special attention. Additional protection of 670,000 people is required that will take into consideration temporal and spatial distribution of economic and social costs and benefits.     

数字网格摄影测量法及其在滑坡模型试验中的应用

综合考虑自动网格法和摄影测量技术各自的优缺点,提出了数字网格摄影测量法。介绍了该方法的原理与步骤,并将其应用到室内某滑坡模型试验的位移测试中。试验证明：数字网格摄影测量法可以快速、准确对模型体观测点位移进行量测,精度达到次毫米级,是一种比较理想的滑坡模型位移测试方法。     

福建省数字测绘档案馆建设探究

随着档案信息化技术的发展以及测绘技术水平的进步,人们对测绘档案的管理水平也提出新的要求。本文主要结合福建省基础地理信息中心现有资料档案的管理现状,从管理制度、硬件设施、软件开发、流程控制等方面探索建设数字测绘档案馆的方法和技术手段。     

Archival photogrammetric analysis of river–floodplain systems using Structure from Motion (SfM) methods

In this study we evaluate the extent to which accurate topographic data can be obtained by applying Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetric methods to archival imagery. While SfM has proven valuable in photogrammetric applications using specially acquired imagery (e.g. from unmanned aerial vehicles), it also has the potential to improve the precision of topographic data and the ease with which can be produced from historical imagery. We evaluate the application of SfM to a relatively extreme case, one of low relative relief: a braided river–floodplain system. We compared the bundle adjustments of SfM and classical photogrammetric methods, applied to eight dates. The SfM approach resulted in data quality similar to the classical approach, although the lens parameter values (e.g. focal length) recovered in the SfM process were not necessarily the same as their calibrated equivalents. Analysis showed that image texture and image overlap/configuration were critical drivers in the tie‐point generation which impacted bundle adjustment quality. Working with archival imagery also illustrated the general need for the thorough understanding and careful application of (commercial) SfM software packages. As with classical methods, the propagation of (random) error in the estimation of lens and exterior orientation parameters using SfM methods may lead to inherent systematic error in the derived point clouds. We have shown that linear errors may be accounted for by point cloud registration based on a reference dataset, which is vital for the further application in quantitative morphological analyses when using archival imagery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

形变数字化资料对山西地区地震前兆反应研究

使用张家口、怀来、赤城、宽城、易县和涉县6个地震台站共计43个观测项目的数字化资料,针对2002年至2005年山西地区发生的4次ML≥4．0地震,进行了地震前兆、同震反应及震后效应的系统研究。结果发现．河北省数字化资料对,1次山西4．0级以上地震前兆反应主要以应变为主,包括体应变和线应变,异常形态以固体潮畸变和抖动为主。