On the Development of Meso-Scale Heavy Rain Parcels in China

Heavy rains occur in China frequently, which often bring us floods and serious disasters in the summer half-year. The meso-scale heavy rain parcels (MHRP) in the mid-latitude are usually developed in following cases:I.By the approaching, meeting and / or overlapping of different weather systems, when two or more different rainfall systems are getting to conjugate, some MHRPs could be developed, such as: 1) a new cold/warm front or squall line approaches an old front or squall, even when the old one is somewhat decrepit; 2) at the places where two or more synoptic systems with different characteristics are meeting together, such as the meeting of tropical cyclone with the cold airs coming from the mid- and / or high-latitudes, or the low latitude vortex meeting with the westerly trough; 3) at the intersections of some different weather systems, such as the intersection of drylines, squall lines or fronts moving from different directions; and 4) by the overlapping of rainfall parcels produced continuously     

不同晶形石盐沉积生长特征及对包裹体温度的影响

石盐晶体生长过程中捕获流体包裹体，利用冷冻测温法得到的均一温度信息与古水温存在良好的相关性。在部分地区，利用包裹体最大均一温度评价古气候时，温度数据与孢粉学反映的气候特征存在冲突，不同晶形的石盐沉积特征，及其晶体条纹内包裹体温度代表的地质含义需进一步探讨。笔者在分析经典测温数据的基础上，观察常温蒸发实验中漏斗晶和人字晶的形成及生长过程，分析了不同温度段均一温度与气温、水温之间的关系。结合现代气象记录数据，分析了最大均一温度评价气候时存在的局限性。研究认为：漏斗晶晶核形成与卤水表面，包裹体温度受温度和气压共同影响，漏斗晶在卤水底部绕核生长，漏斗晶外围包裹体温度对应水底温度，沉入水下后漏斗晶生长缓慢，包裹体最大温度可能代表年度最高温度，以此为指标评价气候得出的结论过于炎热；人字晶是多个漏斗晶之间的桥接部分，大部分形成于卤水蒸发将近结束之时，人字形条纹内包裹体温度受气温和地表温度共同影响，地表温度远大于气温是造成包裹体最高温度过高的主要原因。     

膜下滴灌模式下种植密度对棉田蒸散发规律影响研究

为探求绿洲棉区膜下滴灌条件下不同种植密度棉田蒸散发规律，运用大型称重式蒸渗仪对膜下滴灌棉田蒸散过程连续监测，结果表明：在不同种植密度条件下，棉花的日蒸散量曲线都表现为单峰曲线，不同生育时期一膜六行（30株/m2）种植的棉田蒸散量比一膜四行（20株/m2）大，花铃期棉田的蒸散发强度最大，一膜四行、一膜六行分别为4.76mm/d、5.94mm/d。同时，一膜六行种植的叶面积指数大于一膜四行种植,株高小于一膜四行种植。花铃期棉田的蒸散发量与日平均气温（p<0.01）和空气相对湿度(p<0.01)具有很好的相关性，与日平均风速和日平均水汽压的关系不大。     

内蒙古额济纳旗呼伦西白隐爆角砾岩型金矿地质特征

内蒙古额济纳旗境内发现的呼伦西白金矿,矿脉产状陡、延深较大。多数矿脉产于华力西期斜长花岗斑岩体内部或岩体与上泥盆统西屏山组地层的内接触带中,个别矿脉产于斑岩上覆的西屏山组安山质板岩中的构造破碎带内(下部隐伏华力西期斜长花岗斑岩)。研究认为,矿体赋存在与华力西期花岗斑岩体隐爆作用有关的不同隐爆构造部位,属于与华力西期岩浆隐爆角砾岩型金矿床,具中低品位和厚度较大等特点,其找矿前景良好。     

Fine upper crustal structure of Jiashi strong earthquake swarm region in Xinjiang inferred from high resolution seismic refraction profile data

Introduction Jiashi-Artux area in southwest Xinjiang is one of the most active earthquake provinces at pre-sent in Chinese mainland. In the last century, about 3/4 strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland hit this area, and especially from January 21 to April 16 in 1997, 7 earthquakes with the magnituderanging from 6.0 to 6.9 occurred in a very small area of 9 km×18 km near Jiashi (ZHU et al, 1998). It has never taken place before in Chinese mainland that a series of strong earthquakes shoo…     

Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces

Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement (d), roughness length (20), and friction velocity (u*) on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-grazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.     

中国不同成因伟晶岩形成的物理化学条件

对湖南幕阜山、云南哀牢山、新疆可可托海及福建西坑４个地区的伟晶岩研究表明：这些伟晶岩矿物的熔融包裹体和熔流包裹体均一温度为４５０～１１４０°Ｃ,气—液包裹体均一温度为１８０～４００°Ｃ,不同地区包裹体类型和均一温度有所差别。气液包裹体中的主要液相组分有Ｃａ２＋,Ｋ＋,Ｎａ＋,Ｍｇ２＋,Ｆｅ３＋,ＨＣＯ－３,ＳＯ２－４,Ｃｌ－,Ｆ－以及Ｃ２Ｈ６,不同的伟晶岩这些组分的相对含量有明显不同,表明这些伟晶岩具有不同的成因。     

世界各地地洼构造

全文分三部分。第一部分介绍地洼学说及其引伸或分支学派,第二部分概述国内外学者介绍、引用、评述和发展地洼学说的情况,第三部分叙述世界各地地洼构造。     

内蒙古温都尔庙地区温都尔庙群的形成环境和构造意义

内蒙古温都尔庙地区有一套统称为温都尔庙群的变质岩系,该岩系主要由两种不同的岩石组合组成：一套是出露于乌兰沟一带的浅变质岩系,主要由变玄武岩、硅质岩、火山碎屑岩、碎屑岩组成的基性火山岩－碎屑岩组合;另一套是出露于德言其庙一带的深变质岩系,主要由斜长角并岩、斜长片麻岩组成。这两套岩石组合在变形变质、岩石化学和形成环境等方面都有很大的差异,前者主要表面出弧后盆地的特征,后者则是拉张过程中板底垫托的产物,它们分别代表了华北板块北缘中元古代不同构造演化阶段的产物。     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.