Grampian migmatites in the Buchan Block,NE Scotland

Rocks exposed along the Scottish coast between Fraserburgh and Inzie Head contain information critical to understanding the evolution of the Buchan Block, the type locality for low‐P, high‐T regional metamorphism, and its relationship with the rest of the Grampian terrane, one of the major tectonostratigraphic components of the Scottish Caledonides. The ~8 km long section traverses a regional network of shear zones and, at the highest grades around Inzie Head, passes into the core of the Buchan Anticline, a large‐scale open fold that is commonly regarded as a late structure, post‐dating metamorphism. The metasedimentary rocks increase in grade from upper amphibolite to granulite facies and preserve unequivocal evidence for partial melting. The diatexite migmatites around Inzie Head, along with other gneissose units within the Buchan Block, have been regarded as allochthonous Precambrian basement rocks that were thrust into their current position during the Grampian orogenesis. However, field observations show that the onset of in situ partial melting in metapelitic rocks, which was associated with the formation of garnet‐bearing aplites and associated pegmatites, occurred around Fraserburgh, where shear fabrics are absent. Thus, the rocks preserve a continuous metamorphic field gradient that straddles the shear zone network. This observation supports an alternative interpretation that anatexis was the result of mid‐Ordovician (Grampian) metamorphism, rather than an older tectonothermal event, and that the Inzie Head gneisses are autochthonous. Using an average mid‐Dalradian pelite as a plausible representative protolith, phase equilibria modelling satisfactorily reproduces the observed appearance and disappearance of key minerals providing that peritectic garnet produced with the first formed melts (represented by the garnet‐bearing aplites) depleted the source rocks in Mn. The modelled metamorphic field gradient records a temperature increase of at least 150 °C (from ~650 °C near Fraserburgh to in excess of 800 °C at Inzie Head) but is isobaric at pressures of 2.7–2.8 kbar, suggesting the Buchan Anticline developed synchronous with partial melting. The Buchan Anticline is likely an expression of crustal thinning and asthenospheric upwelling, which produced voluminous gabbroic intrusions that supplied the heat for Buchan metamorphism.     

闽西南玮埔岩体和赣南菖蒲混合岩锆石La ICPMS U-Pb年代学

闽西玮埔岩体和赣南菖蒲混合岩位于武夷山构造带南部地区。对NNE向展布的闽西玮埔岩体两个样品进行了锆石LaICPMS U-Pb 测年,获得的年龄为447.1±4.7Ma和440.8±3.4Ma,证明这个岩体不是原来认为的印支期花岗岩,而属于加里东岩体。赣南菖蒲混合岩发育于罗浮岩体的北侧,早期将罗浮岩体归于燕山早期岩体。对混合岩进行的锆石LaICPMS U-Pb 测年,获得的年龄为445.9±3.8Ma,确定这个岩体为加里东期。这些新的高精度年龄学数据为武夷山加里东构造运动时限和性质提供了精确约束。     

The evolution of zircon during low‐P partial melting of metapelitic rocks: theoretical predictions and a case study from Mt Stafford,central Australia

Palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary migmatite reflects the highest temperature parts of a regional aureole at Mt Stafford, central Australia, comprising rocks that experienced 500–800 °C at ≈3 kbar. Whole‐rock major element concentrations are correlated with Zr content, psammitic compositions having nearly twice the Zr content of pelitic compositions. Zirconium is concentrated in mesosome compared with leucosome. Zircon is largely detrital, mostly lacking any overgrowth contemporary with migmatite formation. Comparatively small proportions of micro‐zircon (<10 μm) in sub‐solidus rocks are mostly hosted by quartz and plagioclase. Much higher proportions (three to five times) of micro‐zircon in migmatite are hosted by prograde K‐feldspar, cordierite and biotite. T–X and P–T NCKFMASHTZr pseudosections constructed using thermocalc model the distribution of Zr between solid and silicate liquid phases. Half of the detrital zircon (~100 ppm Zr) is predicted to be dissolved into silicate liquid at ≈800 °C and all dissolved by 850 °C, if all zircon is involved in the equilibration volume. Melt segregation at relatively low temperature is predicted to enrich the residuum in Zr, consistent with the observed distribution of Zr between mesosome and leucosome. The limited development of metamorphic zircon rims or overgrowths at Mt Stafford is explained by three concurrent processes: (i) Zr liberated during prograde metamorphism formed micro‐zircon, rather than following the prediction that Zr will partition into silicate liquid; (ii) some detrital zircon was probably armoured by other rock‐forming minerals, reducing Zr content in the effective bulk rock composition; and (iii) small proportions of melt loss during migmatization removed Zr that otherwise would have been available to form metamorphic rims.     

赣中变质岩带的Sm—Nd,Rb—Sr同位素年代研究

赣中变质岩带主要由斜长(云母)变粒岩、十字石榴云母片岩、云母石英片岩夹斜长角闪岩组成。斜长角闪岩Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄为1113±19Ma,相当于该变质岩带的原岩形成年龄。ε_(Nd)(t)值为2.4±0.1,说明岩浆起源于亏损程度较低的地幔源区:726.6±1.1Ma、403.1±6.4Ma的Rb-Sr等时线年龄表明赣中地区在新元古代末期、加里东期经历了一次强烈的构造变质热作用,其地质、地球化学特征及时代可与浙闽地区陈蔡群、建瓯群进行对比。因此赣中变质岩带并非长期公认的华南加里东褶皱带,应是华夏地块的一部分,这一事实对华南大地构造单元的划分及构造演化具有重要意义。     

四川米易海塔地区混合岩型铀矿流体包裹体特征

混合岩型铀矿是康滇地轴上最有希望取得找矿突破的铀矿类型,海塔地区的铀矿化即是该类型铀矿的典型代表。本文针对区内的长英质脉矿石、富晶质铀矿石英脉矿石和含矿热液石英脉中的石英流体包裹体进行了研究。结果表明,海塔地区混合岩型铀矿的成矿作用可分为2个阶段:早期混合岩化热液成矿阶段为高温、中低盐度流体,流体包裹体均一温度集中在380~540℃,盐度变化范围为16.15%~23.18%NaCl eqv,是区内铀成矿的主要阶段;晚期热液叠加改造成矿阶段为中低温、低盐度流体,流体包裹体均一温度集中在140~220℃,盐度变化范围为5.56%~23.18%NaCleqv,是区内富铀矿的形成阶段。流体包裹体的气相成分测试表明,长英质脉矿石石英包裹体中以CH4、CO2为主,其次为H2O和N2;而富晶质铀矿石英脉及含矿热液石英脉石英包裹体中以H2为主,部分含有CO2、CH4、H2O。氢、氧同位素研究表明,早期混合岩化成矿阶段的成矿流体可能为岩浆水与变质水的混合,而晚期热液叠加改造成矿阶段成矿流体中可能有大气降水的加入。     

Formation of elongated granite–migmatite domes as isostatic accommodation structures in collisional orogens

The mid-Carboniferous Pelhřimov core complex, Bohemian Massif, is a crustal-scale elongated granite–migmatite dome interpreted to have formed by gravity-driven diapiric upwelling of the metapelitic middle crust. The vertical diapiric flow is evidenced by outward-dipping foliation and lineation patterns, deformation coeval with the widespread presence of melt, rapid exhumation of the dome center from depths corresponding to pressure of about 0.6 GPa to shallow levels (pressure less than 0.2 GPa) within 2 M.y., and kinematic indicators of downward return flow of the mantling rocks. As compared to common diapirs, however, the Pelhřimov complex exhibits a more complicated inferred strain pattern with two perpendicular, irregularly alternating directions of horizontal extension in what is interpreted as the diapir head. Comparison of structural data from migmatites with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data in granites also reveals that only final increments of strain are recorded in the granites. The map dimensions and gravity image of the complex suggest that the diapiric upwelling affected a large portion of the orogen's interior between two microplates brought together during continental collision. The northwesterly microplate (the upper-crustal Teplá–Barrandian unit) collapsed vertically as an ‘elevator’ at around 346–337 Ma whereas the easterly microplate (Brunia) was underthrust beneath the Moldanubian rocks during ∼346–330 Ma (the indentor). It is suggested that these microplates then acted as cold and rigid margins localizing mid-crustal diapirism and associated voluminous S-type granite plutons inbetween, parallel to the edge of the Brunia indentor.We conclude that bringing together soft metapelitic middle crust with two rigid lithospheric blocks during collision resulted in significant lateral temperature and strength variations across the orogen's interior. A general conclusion from these inferences is that granite–migmatite domes delineating margins of collided microplates may form as crustal-scale structures accommodating late-orogenic isostatic reequilibration.     

Phase equilibria modelling of residual migmatites and granulites: An evaluation of the melt‐reintegration approach

Suprasolidus continental crust is prone to loss and redistribution of anatectic melt to shallow crustal levels. These processes ultimately lead to differentiation of the continental crust. The majority of granulite facies rocks worldwide has experienced melt loss and the reintegration of melt is becoming an increasingly popular approach to reconstruct the prograde history of melt‐depleted rocks by means of phase equilibria modelling. It involves the stepwise down‐temperature reintegration of a certain amount of melt into the residual bulk composition along an inferred P–T path, and various ways of calculating and reintegrating melt compositions have been developed and applied. Here different melt‐reintegration approaches are tested using El Hoyazo granulitic enclaves (SE Spain), and Mt. Stafford residual migmatites (central Australia). Various sets of P–T pseudosections were constructed progressing step by step, to lower temperatures along the inferred P–T paths. Melt‐reintegration was done following one‐step and multi‐step procedures proposed in the literature. For El Hoyazo granulites, modelling was also performed reintegrating the measured melt inclusions and matrix glass compositions and considering the melt amounts inferred by mass–balance calculations. The overall topology of phase diagrams is pretty similar, suggesting that, in spite of the different methods adopted, reintegrating a certain amount of melt can be sufficient to reconstruct a plausible prograde history (i.e. melting conditions and reactions, and melt productivity) of residual migmatites and granulites. However, significant underestimations of melt productivity may occur and have to be taken into account when a melt‐reintegration approach is applied to highly residual (SiO₂ <55 wt%) rocks, or to rocks for which H₂O retention from subsolidus conditions is high (such as in the case of rapid crustal melting triggered by mafic magma underplating).     

攀枝花大田铀矿床年代学特征及其意义

文章以康滇地轴典型热液型铀矿——大田铀矿床为研究对象,开展了围岩、构造蚀变带脉岩中的锆石和矿石晶质铀矿U-Pb法定年,以及年代学特征研究,获得如下认识:1)大田地区混合岩的原岩形成于晚元古代早期之前(900Ma);2)混合岩化作用发生于840~900Ma;3)铀矿区F3碱性构造蚀变岩带形成于混合岩化晚期(820~840Ma);4)大田铀矿床的成矿年龄为777Ma左右。因此笔者认为,康滇地轴的形成与发展、包括铀在内的成矿作用,是与罗迪尼亚大陆的形成及裂解演化所导致的构造岩浆作用密切相关。大田地区的构造演化对铀成矿具有重要的意义。     

Pan-African high-grade metamorphism of southern Sinai,Egypt, fluid inclusion evidence

Fluid inclusions in the leucosomes of Wadi Feiran migmatites showed that CO ₂ , H₂O and (H₂O-CO₂) fluids were likely to have been present when partial melting began in these rocks. Low salinity, aqueous fluid, to a lesser extent, CO₂-rich fluids are the most abundant fluids. The present study suggests that high-density CO₂ inclusions were formed at the earliest stage, while H₂O inclusions were formed at the late stage. In an intermediate stage, low-density CO₂ and H₂O, CO₂ inclusions were formed. At the early stage of uplift and during melt crystallization, the CO₂-bearing vapour was trapped at grain boundaries. At the late stage of uplift, H₂O released at the time of crystallization of the melt was trapped as inclusions.     

Age,petrologic significance and provenance analysis of the Hamedan low-pressure migmatites; Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone,west Iran

ABSTRACT

Meta-pelitic rocks with interlayers of meta-psammites within the inner thermal aureole of the Alvand plutonic complex (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SaSZ), western Iran) underwent partial melting; generating various types of migmatites. The mesosome of the Hamedan migmatites is classified into two groups: (1) cordierite-rich and Al-silicate-poor mesosomes and (2) cordierite-poor, Al-silicate-rich groups. Leucosomes are also variable, ranging from plagioclase-rich to K-feldspar-rich leucosomes. Mineral-chemical studies and thermobarometric estimations indicate temperature and pressure of 640–700°C and 3–5 kbar, respectively, for the formation of mesosomes. U–Pb zircon geochronology on 214 grains from the mesosome of migmatites indicates ages of 160–180 Ma (ca ~170 Ma) for zircon metamorphic rims and variable ages of 190–2590 Ma for the inherited detrital zircon cores. Inherited core ages show various age populations, but age populations at 200–600 Ma are more frequent. The age populations of the detrital zircons clarify that the provenance of the younger zircon grains (200–500 Ma) was more likely the Iranian plate, whereas the older grains (600 Ma to >2.5 Ga) may be sourced from both northern Gondwana (such as Arabian-Nubian Shield) and the neighbouring, old cratons like as Africa. We suggest that magmatic activities, especially mafic plutonism at ~167 Ma, are the main triggers for the heat source of metamorphism, partial melting, and migmatization. In contrast to a presumed idea for a Cretaceous regional metamorphic event in the NW parts of the SaSZ, this study attests that the metamorphism should be older and can be associated with Jurassic magmatic pulses.