The influence of the construction process on the deformation behaviour of diaphragm walls in soft clayey ground

Conventional numerical predictions of deep excavations normally neglect the construction process of the retaining structure and choose the earth pressure at rest as initial condition at the beginning of the simulation. The presented results of simulation and measurements during the construction process of the Taipei National Enterprise Center show, that such an assumption leads to an underestimation of the horizontal wall deflection, the surface ground settlements as well as the loading of the struts in case of normally to slightly over‐consolidated clayey soil deposits. The stepwise installation process of the individual diaphragm wall panels results in a substantial modification of the lateral effective stresses in the adjacent ground. Especially the pouring process of the panel and the fresh concrete pressure causes a partial mobilization of the passive earth pressure and a distinct stress level increase in the upper half of the wall. As a consequence of the increased stresses prior to the pit excavation, up to 15% greater ground and wall movements are predicted. Moreover, the increased stress level due to the installation process of the diaphragm wall leads to substantial higher strut loadings during the excavation of the pit. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重庆轻轨大堰基地挡土墙变形原因分析

通过观察挡墙变形裂缝和分析测量数据,对大面积堆载引起的地基不均匀沉降的原因进行了阐述,指出填土地基在压实处理时的不均匀性,造成局部地基强度偏低,雨季地表水体下渗,降低了土体强度是引起挡墙局部不均匀沉降的主要原因.根据实际情况,提出了立即封闭地表、减少水体下渗、适当增加挖孔桩配筋量、建立观测网、实施有效监测的处理措施.     

苏州马环连接线强风化安山玢岩地质勘察钻探技术

强风化岩体裂隙节理发育,风化程度不均,岩石强度软弱不均,为提高钻进效率,改常规的复合片钻头为孕镶金刚石钻头,使钻进时以研磨岩石方式改为切削岩石方式;为提高岩心采取率,保护取心钻具内强风化岩心及防止钻具内岩心段间相互研磨,改单管钻具为单动双管钻具,采用相对优质泥浆进行护壁,预防钻进及提下钻时的卡钻。     

汽车荷载作用下挡土墙土压力计算方法的改进

阐述汽车荷载作用下挡土墙土压力的计算：现行计算方法把挡土墙路基上布置的汽车荷载,在有效范围内换算成等代均布土层厚度,计算挡土墙土压力.由于简化的假定条件,使计算结果产生较大的误差;改进的计算方法是通过解析分布长度和分布宽度的方法,计算出对挡土墙最不利的土压力,并用算例说明它的实用性.     

南海北部陆坡晚第四纪有机壁浮游藻类记录及其古环境 …

通过９２个样品分析,发现南海北部陆坡末次冰期以来２物中有机壁浮游藻类输入通量在新仙女木期和早全新世明显高于其它时期新仙女山的输入通量峰值及不同于Ｓｐｉｎｉｆｅｒｉｔｅｓｓｐｐ．组合（较暖期）和Ｐｒｏ－ｔｏｐｅｒｉｄｉｎｉｏｉｄ类孢囊组合（较冷期）的Ｏｐｅｒｃｕｌｏｄｉｎｍｉｕｍ ｃｅｔｒｏｃａｒｐｕｍ组合,表明当时表层少环境较为特殊,可能是水温偏低且较富营养的条件,早全新世的有机壁浮游藻类高输入通     

Physical Modeling and Parametric Study on Two-Degree-of-Freedom VIV of A Cylinder near Rigid Wall

Unlike most previous studies on the transverse vortex-induced vibration(VIV) of a cylinder mainly under the wallfree condition (Williamson & Govardhan,2004),this paper experimentally investigates the vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder with two degrees of freedom near a rigid wall exposed to steady flow.The amplitude and frequency responses of the cylinder are discussed.The lee wake flow patterns of the cylinder undergoing VIV were visualized by employing the hydrogen bubble technique.The effects of the gap-to-diameter ratio (e0/D) and the mass ratio on the vibration amplitude and frequency are analyzed.Comparisons of VIV response of the cylinder are made between one degree (only transverse) and two degrees of freedom (streamwise and transverse) and those between the present study and previous ones.The experimental observation indicates that there are two types of streamwise vibration,i.e.the first streamwise vibration (FSV) with small amplitude and the second streamwise vibration (SSV) which coexists with transverse vibration.The vortex shedding pattem for the FSV is approximately symmetric and that for the SSV is alternate.The first streamwise vibration tends to disappear with the decrease of e0/D.For the case of large gap-to-diameter ratios (e.g.e0/D = 0.54～1.58),the maximum amplitudes of the second streamwise vibration and transverse one increase with the increasing gapto-diameter ratio.But for the case of small gap-to-diameter ratios (e.g.e0/D = 0.16,0.23),the vibration amplitude of the cylinder increases slowly at the initial stage (i.e.at small reduced velocity V,),and across the maximum amplitude it decreases quickly at the last stage (i.e.at large Vr).Within the range ofthe examined small mass ratio (m＜4),both streamwise and transverse vibration amplitude of the cylinder decrease with the increase of mass ratio for the fixed value of V,.The vibration range (in terms of Vr ) tends to widen with the decrease of the mass ratio.In the second streamwise vibration region,the vibration frequency of the cylinder with a small mass ratio (e.g.mx = 1.44) undergoes a jump at a certain Vr,.The maximum amplitudes of the transverse vibration for two-degree-of-freedom case is larger than that for one-degree-of-freedom case,but the transverse vibration frequency of the cylinder with two degrees of freedom is lower than that with one degree of freedom (transverse).     

地震力作用下单排与双排桩支挡结构性状试验对比分析

桩板式挡土结构由抗滑桩发展而来,可用于一般地区、浸水地区和地震区的边坡工程支挡;对于地震区边坡,采用单排或双排支挡结构的形式及其支挡效果尚缺少深入研究.本文基于地震力作用下单排、双排桩板结构在不同加载等级时的桩身土压力、土体加速度、桩身位移等变化的振动台模型试验结果,对比采用单排、双排桩板结构边坡的支挡效果,得出静力状...     

Simulation of Near-Fault Strong Ground Motion in the Beijing Region

On the basis of previous study of the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu(M8.0) earthquake,the biggest event in history ever recorded in Beijing and its adjacent area,we made a 3-D strong ground motion simulation utilizing the staggered-grid finite differences method to study the distributions of peak ground velocity with different earthquake source models in the Beijing region.In the paper,earthquake source models and a transmission medium velocity model are established and the corresponding parameters are given in accordance to the results from a related previous study.Then,using a three-dimensional finite difference computing program of near-fault strong ground motion developed by Graves,the peak ground velocity caused by a destructive earthquake in the Beijing area is simulated.In our computation model,the earthquake source is 3km in depth,and a total number of 21,679 observation points on the ground surface are figured out.The transmission medium velocity model is composed of four stratums which are the Quaternary deposit,the upper crust,the upper part of the middle crust and the lower part of the middle crust.With the minimum grid spacing of 0.15km,a total of 2.28×106 grids are generated.Using a time step of 0.02 seconds we calculated the peak ground velocity for a duration of 8 seconds.After the analysis of the simulation results,we observed some basic characteristics of near-fault strong ground motion such as the concentration effect of near-fault peak ground velocity,rupture directivity effect,hanging wall effect,and basin effect.The results from our simulation and analysis suggest that the source and transmitting medium parameters in our model are suitable and the finite difference method is applicable to estimate the distribution of strong ground motion in the study region.     

重力式挡土墙抗滑动稳定计算方法改进研究

针对目前重力式挡土墙抗滑稳定性计算方法中存在的缺陷,将挡土墙入土部分划分成小网格,遍历搜寻出抗倾覆稳定系数最小的点,此点就是挡土墙的实际倾覆转动点所在的位置,根据此转动点的位置,将挡墙两侧的土体划分成四个部分分别计算各部分土压力,再结合墙底与地基土摩擦力的分析,推导出改进的墙体抗滑动稳定系数的计算公式。还通过改变墙体的几何参数,分析了最小抗倾覆转动点的位置和墙体抗滑稳定性系数随墙体宽度、挡土墙入土深度等的变化规律。     

基于阻尼器反力墙体系的特大型LNG储罐控制研究

特大型液化天然气（LNG）储罐的固有频率通常介于2~10 Hz之间,处于大部分地震运动的频率范围之内。在过去的几十年中,许多事故已经证明,储罐在地震作用下很容易遭破坏。使用隔震支座来减少储罐的地震作用已经被证明是非常有效的,但对于特大型LNG储罐,其连接组件对隔震层层间位移有严格限制,尤其是在软土场地中,桩水平抗力与隔震层位移是一对矛盾,普通隔震系统会在隔震层产生较大位移,导致特大型LNG储罐连接组件的设计非常困难。因此提出了一种由环形阻尼器反力墙、粘滞阻尼器以及安装于基桩顶端的隔震支座组成的新型隔震系统,反力墙独立设置于地基中,不与桩基连接,罐底的部分剪力直接向反力墙传递。以容量为16万m3的特大型LNG储罐为例,建立多自由度集中质量简化模型,以层间位移、桩基剪力作为性能指标进行了评价分析。结果显示,新型隔震系统对特大型LNG储罐隔震层位移及桩基剪力的控制非常有效。